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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">INNOVATIVE ECONOMY</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">INNOVATIVE ECONOMY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инновационная экономика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-5607</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48845</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Problems and prospects for the development of import substitution in Russia &#13;
in modern conditions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Проблемы и перспективы развития ипортозамещения России &#13;
в современных условиях</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9818-4706</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zainullin</surname><given-names>Sergey Bulatovich</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зайнуллин</surname><given-names>Сергей Булатович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of National Economy, Faculty of Economics, Patrice Lumumba Russian University of Friendship of Peoples (RUDN)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры Национальной экономики, экономический факультет, Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы (РУДН)</p></bio><email>zaynullin-sb@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6417-4224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chidimma</surname><given-names>Rosemary Nwachukwu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чидимма</surname><given-names>Розмари Нвачукву</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Economics, Patrice Lumumba Russian University of Friendship of Peoples (RUDN)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант, Экономический факультет, Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы (РУДН)</p></bio><email>chidimmaRnwachukwu@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2670-7795</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Yaqi</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чжан</surname><given-names>Яци</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Faculty of Economics, Patrice Lumumba Russian University of Friendship of Peoples (RUDN)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант, Экономический факультет, Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы (РУДН)</p></bio><email>1032158359@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы (РУДН)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-16" publication-format="electronic"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-12"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-12"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, INNOVATIVE ECONOMY</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Инновационная экономика</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">INNOVATIVE ECONOMY</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Инновационная экономика</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/in-econ/article/view/48845">https://journals.rudn.ru/in-econ/article/view/48845</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic> </italic></p>&#13;
<p><italic>The article considers the features of the development of import substitution, identifies key factors affecting it, as well as problems and prospects. Particular attention among the factors is paid to the consideration of sanctions pressure, including a historical retrospective of sanctions, starting from the first sanctions imposed during the period of Ivan the Terrible and the Time of Troubles, continuing the 19th-20th centuries, the Soviet and post-Soviet periods, as well as those operating in modern Russia. A review of the discussion of domestic and foreign scientists characterizing the attitude towards sanctions as an illegal tool for competition, interference in the affairs of other states and an assessment of the consequences of sanctions for the parties was carried out. The authors identified key industries for import substitution, reflected the success and lag of the policy in various industries, disclosed obstacles and considered measures aimed at reducing the lag in import substitution.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>В статье рассматриваются особенности развития импортозамещения, выявляются ключевые факторы, влияющие на него, а также проблемы и перспективы. Особое внимание среди факторов уделяется рассмотрено санкционного давления, в т.ч. исторической ретроспективе санкций, начиная от первых санкций, вводимых в период Ивана Грозного и Смутного времени, продолжая </italic><italic>XIX</italic><italic>-</italic><italic>XX</italic><italic> вв., советским и постсоветским периодом, а также действующих в современной России. Проведен обзор дискуссии отечественных и зарубежных ученых, характеризующих отношение к санкциям как к неправовому инструменту конкурентной борьбы, вмешательства в дела других государств и оценку последствий санкций для сторон. Авторами определены ключевые отрасли для импортозамещения, отражен успех и отставание проводимой политики в разных отраслях, раскрыты препятствия и рассмотрены меры, направленные на сокращение отставания в импортозамещении.</italic></p></trans-abstract><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondarenko I.A. Sanktsii kak instrument konkurentnoi strategii [Sanctions as a Competitive Strategy Tool]. StudNet, 2021, vol. 4, № 12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко И.А. 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