<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">INNOVATIVE ECONOMY</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">INNOVATIVE ECONOMY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Инновационная экономика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-5607</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48802</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Joint Ventures as a Strategic Fix for Oman’s International Partnership Challenges</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Совместные предприятия как стратегическое решение проблем международного партнёрства Омана</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0411-7932</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Al Farsi</surname><given-names>Al Moatasem Ahmed Saif</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аль Фарси</surname><given-names>Аль Моатасем Ахмед Сейф</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Master's student, Faculty of Economics <br/>Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Магистрант, Экономический факультет</p>&#13;
<p>Российского университета дружбы народов (РУДН)</p></bio><email>Barc4everau@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karzanova</surname><given-names>Irina Viktorovna</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карзанова</surname><given-names>Ирина Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of National Economy, Faculty of Economics, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры Национальной экономики, Экономический факультет, Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы.</p></bio><email>karzanova-iv@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов им. Патриса Лумумбы (РУДН)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-10"><day>10</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, INNOVATIVE ECONOMY</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Инновационная экономика</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">INNOVATIVE ECONOMY</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Инновационная экономика</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/in-econ/article/view/48802">https://journals.rudn.ru/in-econ/article/view/48802</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Oman’s economy faces significant challenges in international cooperation and economic diversification, despite its strategic geographic position and ongoing reforms. This study examines whether joint venture (JV) development can serve as a transformative strategy to address these challenges, with particular focus on technology transfer, risk mitigation, and market expansion. Grounded in international business theories, including Strategic Alliances, Transaction Cost Economics, Resource-Based View, and Institutional Theory. The research employs a thematic analysis of case studies, government policies (e.g., the Foreign Capital Investment Law), and literature to evaluate JVs’ role in Oman’s economic transformation. The results highlight successful JVs (e.g., Ibri II Solar Project, Duqm Refinery) that have enhanced diversification through shared expertise and capital, alongside failed cases (e.g., Oman-Fischbach) revealing pitfalls like cultural misalignment and governance gaps. Regulatory reforms, such as 100% foreign ownership, are shown to improve Oman’s JV appeal, but their effectiveness depends on strategic partner selection and localized adaptation. The study concludes that joint ventures, if supported by robust policy frameworks and cross-cultural integration, can reposition Oman as a competitive player in global markets while advancing Vision 2040’s diversification goals. These findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and investors seeking to leverage JVs for sustainable growth.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Экономика Омана сталкивается со значительными трудностями в области международного сотрудничества и экономической диверсификации, несмотря на выгодное географическое положение и проводимые реформы. Данное исследование изучает потенциал создания совместных предприятий (СП) в качестве трансформационной стратегии для решения этих проблем, с особым акцентом на передачу технологий, снижение рисков и расширение рынков. Основываясь на теориях международного бизнеса, включая стратегические альянсы, трансакционные издержки, ресурсный подход и институциональную теорию, в работе применяется тематический анализ кейсов, государственной политики (например, Закона об иностранных капиталовложениях) и литературы для оценки роли СП в экономической трансформации Омана. Результаты демонстрируют успешные примеры СП (такие как солнечный проект Ibri II и нефтеперерабатывающий завод Duqm), способствовавшие диверсификации через обмен опытом и капиталом, а также неудачные кейсы (например, Oman-Fischbach), выявившие проблемы культурного несоответствия и слабого корпоративного управления. Реформы, включая разрешение 100% иностранного владения, повышают привлекательность Омана для создания СП, но их эффективность зависит от стратегического выбора партнеров и адаптации к местным условиям. Исследование приходит к выводу, что совместные предприятия, при условии разработки надежных политических рамок и межкультурной интеграции, могут вывести Оман на позицию конкурентоспособного игрока на глобальных рынках и способствовать достижению целей диверсификации в соответствии с программой «Оман-2040». Полученные результаты предлагают практические рекомендации для политиков и инвесторов, заинтересованных в использовании СП для устойчивого роста.</italic></p></trans-abstract><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abdallah I., Alhosin H., Belarabi M., Chaouki S., Mahmoud N., Tayah J. A Pan-Asian energy transition? The new rationale for decarbonization policies in the world’s largest energy exporting countries: A case study of Qatar and other GCC countries. Energies, 2024, no. 17(15). Available at:  https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153776 (accessed: 02.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Abdul Jabar M., Srivastava R., Abdul Manaf N., Thangalazhy-Gopakumar S., Ab Latif F., Luu M., Abbas A. The solar end game: Bibliometric analysis, research and development evolution, and patent activity of hybrid photovoltaic/thermal—phase change material. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023, vol. 30, pp. 116934–116951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27641-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Ahmad I. Gwadar: China’s future gateway to the Middle East (ISSI Special Series No. 2). Islamabad Policy Research Institute, 2023. Available at:  www.issi.org.pk/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Ishtiaq_Ahmad_SS_No_2_2023.pdf (accessed: 22.05.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Al Badi S. Investor-state arbitration in the Sultanate of Oman: Lessons to be learned from the European Union’s approach to the investment court system. University of Hull, 2022. Available at:  https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/OutputFile/4321281 (accessed: 21.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Al Shidhani R., Baig S. Balancing power and prosperity: China’s geo-economic engagement with the Gulf Cooperation Council. Asian Review of Political Economy, 2024, no. 3(1), pp. 1–28. Available at: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44216-024-00040-6.pdf (accessed: 17.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Al Zeidi S., Harris P., Perrin D. Strategic national human resource development: The case of the Duqm Special Economic Zone in Oman. In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022, pp. 1273–1286. Available at: https://chesterrep.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10034/627641/Sarhan%20Harris%20Perrin%20280121Entry%20(1)%20(1).pdf?sequence=4 (accessed: 07.05.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Al-Kharusi S. The role of inward FDI in enhancing Sultanate of Oman's national competitiveness (Doctoral dissertation, King's College London), 2022. Available at: https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/173032325/2022_Al_Kharusi_Sult_1166425_ethesis.pdf (accessed: 02.05.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Al-Mekaimi H. The impact of energy security on inter-relations between the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, 2025, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 67- 81. Available at: https://iris.unive.it/bitstream/10278/5089287/1/The-Rest-Vol.-15-No.-1.pdf#page=67 (accessed: 05.05.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Al-Saidi M. White knight or partner of choice? The Ukraine war and the role of the Middle East in the energy security of Europe. Energy Strategy Reviews, 2023, vol. 49. Available at: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211467X23000664 (accessed: 05.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Ambusaidi A., Shahat M., Al Musawi A. Science education in Oman: Taking Oman to a better future. In Science education in countries along the Belt &amp; Road: Future insights and new requirements. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022, pp. 113- 127. Available at: www.researchgate.net/profile/Mohamed-Abushafa/publication/357919959_Science_Education_in_Libya/links/6226488884ce8e5b4d0e4ed1/Science-Education-in-Libya.pdf#page=118 (accessed: 19.05.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Anya A., Ekakite G., Anya E., Krivins A., Jurgelāne-Kaldava I. Entrepreneurial, legal and logistics aspects of gas in Nigeria. Journal of Entrepreneurship &amp; Sustainability Issues, 2024, no. 11(4). Available at: http://jssidoi.org/jesi/article/download/1206/Anya_Entrepreneurial_legal_and_logistics_aspects_of_gas_in_Nigeria.pdf (accessed: 14.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Hajeeh M. Assessment of technology transfer to Gulf Cooperation Council countries. International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, 2023, no. 13(4), pp. 152–173. Available at: https://journalfirm.com/journal/376/download/ Assessment+of+Technology+Transfer+to+Gulf+Cooperation+Council+Countries.pdf (accessed: 20.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Harutyunyan A. Chinese Belt and Road Initiative in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Bulletin of the Institute of Oriental Studies, 2021, no. 1(2), pp. 112–143. Available at: https://orient.sci.am/archive/1076/article-main-6pxhNXAJaPk9I4KE7wLeQ5fHVZyrFo8vliWnmTgS.pdf#page=112 (accessed: 08.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Heward A., Morton M., Al Kindi M. The search for petroleum in the Sultanate of Oman – The first 120 years. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2025, 550(1). Available at: www.lyellcollection.org/doi/pdf/10.1144/SP550-2023-220 (accessed: 17.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Home R. Land governance and environmental management in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The), 2024, no. 15(2), pp. 1-23. Available at: www.ajol.info/index.php/jsdlp/article/view/280403/264448 (accessed: 17.05.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Hussain F., Khan M., Ahmed N. Dynamics of regional geopolitics and challenges to CPEC: The Afghan and Iranian perspectives. Ilkogretim Online, 2021, no. 20(5), pp. 3235-3243. Available at: www.researchgate.net/profile/Nisar-Ahmad-24/publication/351775096_Dynamics_of_Regional_Geopolitics_and_Challenges_to_CPEC_The_Afghan_and_Iranian_Perspectives/links/60a8ddac45851522bc0aee9d/Dynamics-of-Regional-Geopolitics-and-Challenges-to-CPEC-The-Afghan-and-Iranian-Perspectives.pdf (accessed: 16.05.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Naqvi S., Mansab M. Proposed Iran-Saudi Gulf maritime security cooperation: An alternative to I2U2? Focus, 2023. Available at: https://irs.org.pk/Focus/FSep23.pdf (accessed: 03.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Rakipoğlu M. Climate change and the Gulf: Repercussions, actions, and competition. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 2023, no. 10(23), 381–398. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/3348955 (accessed: 27.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Sahakyan M. The new great power competition in Central Asia: Opportunities and challenges for the Gulf, 2021. Available at: https://hal.science/hal-03224546v1/file/eda-working-paper-apr-2021-dr-mher-sahakyan.pdf (accessed: 27.04.2025).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Shkvarya L., Solovieva Yu. Technology Transfer and Innovative Development: Gulf Trends and Prospects. Moscow: Lenand, 2019.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
