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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Engineering Research</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Engineering Research</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Инженерные исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8143</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8151</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">51209</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8143-2026-27-2-153-169</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">KWNDDU</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Optimal Path Planning for Wheeled Robots</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оптимальное планирование траектории движения для колесных роботов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8187-0221</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sairoel</surname><given-names>Amertet Finekomess</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саироэль</surname><given-names>Амертет Финекомесс</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student of the Department of Higher School of Automation and Robotics, Institute of Mechanical Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры высшей школы автоматизации и робототехники, институт машиностроения, материалов и транспорта</p></bio><email>sairoel@mtu.edu.et</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6900-7946</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Al-Arazhi</surname><given-names>Hasan M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ал-Аражи</surname><given-names>Хасан Мохаммед</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Higher School of Automation and Robotics, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Transport</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры высшей школы автоматизации и робототехники, институт машиностроения, материалов и транспорта</p></bio><email>hassana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0954-7015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Jingnian</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чжан</surname><given-names>Цзиннянь</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student of the Department of Higher School of Automation and Robotics, Institute of Mechanical Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры высшей школы автоматизации и робототехники, институт машиностроения, материалов и транспорта</p></bio><email>niange6666@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>153</fpage><lpage>169</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-10"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Sairoel A.F., Al-Arazhi H.M., Zhang J.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Саироэль А.Ф., Ал-Аражи Х.М., Чжан Ц.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sairoel A.F., Al-Arazhi H.M., Zhang J.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саироэль А.Ф., Ал-Аражи Х.М., Чжан Ц.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/51209">https://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/51209</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The automation of agricultural tasks using mobile robots is becoming increasingly important for precision farming. Navigation in complex, dynamic, and unstructured environments, such as fields with uneven terrain, dense vegetation, and obstacles such as rocks or irrigation systems, presents a significant challenge. Therefore, efficient path planning and collision avoidance algorithms are of particular significance. The primary objective of this study is to implement and evaluate the RRT* algorithm for coordinated path planning. A novel contribution lies in improving the planning efficiency and path optimality compared to the standard RRT algorithm, particularly through enhanced generation of time-optimal trajectories and robust collision avoidance in complex terrain. The RRT*-based collision avoidance system was evaluated through MATLAB simulations, testing its performance in scenarios with a high obstacle density typical of agricultural environments. The simulation results demonstrated a 94% success rate for trajectory planning and collision avoidance, indicating high performance potential in complex agricultural landscapes. RRT* was shown to be a highly effective trajectory planning solution for multi-wheeled agricultural robots, outperforming standard RRT. It successfully delivers optimized, collision-free trajectories in unstructured environments, offering a robust foundation for autonomous navigation. The 94% success rate obtained in the simulation validates its potential and indicates the need for further research and field testing.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Автоматизация сельскохозяйственных задач с использованием мобильных роботов приобретает все большее значение для точного земледелия. Навигация в сложных, динамичных и неструктурированных средах, таких как поля с неровным рельефом, густой растительностью и препятствиями, например камнями или ирригационными системами, представляет собой серьезную проблему. Следовательно, эффективные алгоритмы планирования траектории и предотвращения столкновений имеют большое значение. Основная цель - внедрение и оценка алгоритма RRT (Rapidly-exploring Random Tre) для скоординированного планирования траектории. Новым вкладом является повышение эффективности планирования и оптимальности траектории по сравнению со стандартным алгоритмом RRT, в частности за счет улучшения генерации оптимальных по времени траекторий и обеспечения надежного предотвращения столкновений в сложных ландшафтах. Система предотвращения столкновений на основе RRT* была оценена с помощью моделирования в MATLAB, проверяя производительность в сценариях с высокой плотностью препятствий, характерных для сельскохозяйственных сред. Моделирование продемонстрировало 94 % успешность планирования траектории и предотвращения столкновений, что указывает на высокий потенциал производительности в сложных сельскохозяйственных ландшафтах. Исследование показало, что RRT* является высокоэффективным решением для планирования траектории в многоколесных сельскохозяйственных роботах, превосходящим стандартный RRT. Он успешно обеспечивает оптимизированные траектории без столкновений в неструктурированных средах, предлагая надежную основу для автономной навигации. 94 %-ный показатель успешности, полученный в ходе моделирования, подтверждает его потенциал и указывает на необходимость дальнейших исследований и полевых испытаний.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wheeled mobile robot</kwd><kwd>robot group</kwd><kwd>algorithm</kwd><kwd>collision avoidance</kwd><kwd>success rate</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колесный мобильный робот</kwd><kwd>группа роботов</kwd><kwd>алгоритм</kwd><kwd>предупреждение столкновений</kwd><kwd>процент успешных попыток</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Gammell JD, Srinivasa SS, Barfoot TD. Informed RRT*: Optimal sampling-based path planning focused via direct sampling of an admissible ellipsoidal heuristic. 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