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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Engineering Research</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Engineering Research</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Инженерные исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8143</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8151</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48341</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8143-2025-26-4-359-375</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CRNUMH</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Formulation of Satellite-UAVs Integration System for Earth Remote Sensing in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Разработка системы интеграции спутников и беспилотных летательных аппаратов для дистанционного зондирования Земли в Республике Союз Мьянма</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2332-904X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5242-3413</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starkov</surname><given-names>Alexandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старков</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of System Analysis and Control</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры системного анализа и управления</p></bio><email>starkov@goldstar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5824-2578</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zin</surname><given-names>Mar Lwin</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зин</surname><given-names>Мар Лвин</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Technical Sciences), Professor of the Department of Remote Sensing</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, профессор кафедры дистанционного зондирования Земли</p></bio><email>drzinmar80@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8350-9384</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6613-5152</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samusenko</surname><given-names>Oleg E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самусенко</surname><given-names>Олег Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Technical Sciences), Head of the Department of Innovation Management in Industries, Academy of Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, заведующий кафедрой инновационного менеджмента в отраслях промышленности, инженерная академия</p></bio><email>samusenko@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1159-3292</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aung</surname><given-names>Myo Thant</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аунг</surname><given-names>Мьо Тхант</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD (Technical Sciences), Doctoral student of the Department of Systems Analysis and Control</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, докторант кафедры системного анализа и управления</p></bio><email>aungmyothant4696@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1082-957X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nay</surname><given-names>Htet Linn</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Най</surname><given-names>Хтет Линн</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate student of the Department of Systems Analysis and Control</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры системного анализа и управления</p></bio><email>nayhtetlinn3014@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский авиационный институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Mandalay Technological University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Мандалайский технологический университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>359</fpage><lpage>375</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Starkov A.V., Zin M.L., Samusenko O.E., Aung M.T., Nay H.L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Старков А.В., Зин М.Л., Самусенко О.Е., Аунг М.Т., Най Х.Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Starkov A.V., Zin M.L., Samusenko O.E., Aung M.T., Nay H.L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Старков А.В., Зин М.Л., Самусенко О.Е., Аунг М.Т., Най Х.Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/48341">https://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/48341</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article develops the concept of a Hybrid Earth Remote Sensing System (HERS) for Myanmar, integrating Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to obtain near real-time, high-resolution geospatial data for environmental monitoring and disaster risk management tasks. Analysis of the existing Earth remote sensing infrastructure and implemented projects revealed several limitations: high latency of satellite systems, cloud-cover interference, restricted data availability, and institutional barriers, including weak interagency coordination, a shortage of trained personnel, and insufficient funding. As a result of the study, the HERS architecture is formulated, including integration of satellites and UAVs, the use of multifrequency and laser communication channels, and energy-efficient UAVs with modular payloads (SAR, hyperspectral, and infrared sensors), providing compatible processing and rapid data transmission to the national GIS infrastructure. It is shown that the proposed system improves the spatiotemporal resolution of observations, reduces the impact of cloud cover, lowers operational costs compared with predominantly satellite-based solutions, and expands the range of practical tasks; from monitoring agriculture, forests, and water resources to near real-time response to floods and cyclones. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that implementation of HERS, together with the development of a national GIS platform and specialist training programs, increases Myanmar’s resilience to natural and anthropogenic threats and provides more evidence-based support for decision-making.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Разработана концепция гибридной системы дистанционного зондирования Земли (ГСДЗЗ) для Мьянмы, интегрирующей низкоорбитальные спутники (LEO) и беспилотные летательные аппараты (БПЛА) для оперативного получения детализированных пространственных данных в задачах мониторинга окружающей среды и управления рисками стихийных бедствий. Анализ существующей инфраструктуры ДЗЗ и реализованных проектов выявил ограничения: высокую латентность спутниковых систем, помехи от облачности, ограниченную доступность данных, а также институциональные барьеры, включая слабую межведомственную координацию, дефицит подготовленных кадров и недостаточное финансирование. В результате исследования сформулирована архитектура ГСДЗЗ, включающая интеграцию cпутника и БПЛА, использование многочастотных и лазерных каналов связи и энергоэффективных БПЛА с модульной полезной нагрузкой (SAR, гиперспектральные и инфракрасные сенсоры), обеспечивающих совместимую обработку и оперативную передачу данных в национальную ГИС-инфраструктуру. Показано, что предложенная система повышает пространственно-временное разрешение наблюдений, снижает влияние облачности, уменьшает эксплуатационные затраты по сравнению с преимущественно спутниковыми решениями и расширяет спектр прикладных задач; от мониторинга сельского хозяйства, лесов и водных ресурсов до оперативного реагирования на наводнения и циклоны в режиме, близком к реальному времени. Практическая значимость работы заключается в том, что внедрение ГСДЗЗ совместно с развитием национальной ГИС-платформы и программ подготовки специалистов повышает устойчивость Мьянмы к природным и антропогенным угрозам и обеспечивает более обоснованную поддержку управленческих решений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Remote sensing of the Earth</kwd><kwd>hybrid remote sensing system</kwd><kwd>satellite imaging</kwd><kwd>UAV-based monitoring</kwd><kwd>agriculture monitoring</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гибридная система</kwd><kwd>спутниковые снимки</kwd><kwd>мониторинг с помощью беспилотных летательных аппаратов</kwd><kwd>мониторинг сельского хозяйства</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Renner SC, Rappole JH, Leimgruber P, Kelly DS, Shwe NM, Aung T, Aung M. Land cover in the northern forest complex of Myanmar: new insights for conservation. 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