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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Engineering Research</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Engineering Research</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Инженерные исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8143</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8151</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48340</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8143-2025-26-4-343-358</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">COWRBD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Optimizing Space Robot Configurations to Minimize Capture Contact Forces</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оптимизация конфигурации космических роботов для минимизации усилий при захвате</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5137-0667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Adde</surname><given-names>Yeshurun A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Адде</surname><given-names>Йешурун А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Philosophy (Physics), PhD Scholar, School of Mechanical &amp; Industrial Engineering, College of Technology &amp; Built Environment-AAiT</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философии (физика), аспирант, Школа машиностроения и промышленной инженерии, Колледж технологий и искусственной среды-AAiT</p></bio><email>kibret10@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-5672</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7704-4720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Razoumny</surname><given-names>Yury N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разумный</surname><given-names>Юрий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sciences (Techn.), Director of the Academy of Engineering, Head of the Department of Mechanics and Control Processes, Academy of Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор технических наук, директор инженерной академии, заведующий кафедрой механики и процессов управления, инженерная академия</p></bio><email>yury.razoumny@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8761-5644</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Betelie</surname><given-names>Araya Abera</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бетели</surname><given-names>Арайя А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Philosophy (Mech.), Assistant Professor, School of Mechanical &amp; Industrial Engineering, College of Technology &amp; Built Environment-AAiT</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор философии (механик), доцент, Школа машиностроения и промышленной инженерии, Колледж технологий и искусственной среды-AAiT</p></bio><email>arsame2008@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2368-7371</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Degefu</surname><given-names>Biruk</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дегефу</surname><given-names>Бирук</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bachelor of Science (Mech.), MSc Student, School of Mechanical &amp; Industrial Engineering, College of Technology &amp; Built Environment-AAiT</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>бакалавр технических наук, студент магистратуры, Школа машиностроения и промышленной инженерии, Колледж технологий и искусственной среды-AAiT</p></bio><email>birukdegefu16@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Addis Ababa University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Аддис-Абебы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>343</fpage><lpage>358</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Adde Y.A., Razoumny Y.N., Betelie A.A., Degefu B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Адде Й.А., Разумный Ю.Н., Бетели А.А., Дегефу Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Adde Y.A., Razoumny Y.N., Betelie A.A., Degefu B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Адде Й.А., Разумный Ю.Н., Бетели А.А., Дегефу Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/48340">https://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/48340</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Space robotics is rapidly becoming essential as satellites and orbital debris continue to increase, creating demand for reliable capture and servicing technologies. A central challenge lies in minimizing the impact forces generated during contact, which can threaten both the robot and the target. This paper addresses the problem by introducing a configuration optimization approach that leverages the concept of integrated effective mass (IEM) to reduce capture contact forces. The contribution of this study is twofold: it demonstrates how IEM serves as a practical performance metric for predicting capture safety, and it validates configuration optimization as an effective strategy for mitigating impact forces in free-floating space robots. The methodology applied a Hunt - Crossley contact model with hysteresis damping to simulate robot-target interactions under various manipulator configurations. A 7-DOF free-floating robot was modeled, and IEM was computed through Jacobian-based dynamic analysis. The coefficient of restitution was also tuned to balance rebound and capture stability. Results reveal a strong nonlinear relationship between IEM and contact force. Configurations with low IEM generated substantially lower forces: for example, an IEM of 0.0413 kg produced only 442 N, while an IEM of 1.7199 kg resulted in forces exceeding 4142 N. By tuning the restitution coefficient to approximately 0.8, rebound effects were minimized without compromising stability. The simulations confirmed that configuration optimization can reduce capture forces by nearly an order of magnitude while avoiding singularities. In conclusion, this work shows that planning manipulator configurations based on IEM analysis is not merely theoretical but a practical tool for safer, more reliable on-orbit servicing and debris removal. These findings reinforce configuration optimization as a cornerstone for the next generation of space robotic operations.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Космическая робототехника стремительно развивается ввиду возрастающего числа искусственных спутников Земли и космического мусора, что требует разработки надежных технологий дистанционного захвата объектов и их технического обслуживания. Главная задача заключается в снижении ударных нагрузок, возникающих при механическом взаимодействии роботов с объектами, что представляет угрозу как самому манипулятору, так и цели. Исследована проблема оптимизации конфигурации космических роботов. Предложено использовать концепцию интегрированной эффективной массы (IEM), чтобы снизить контактные усилия при захвате. Исследование показывает, что IEM - это практический показатель эффективности, который помогает прогнозировать безопасность захвата. Также показано, что оптимизация конфигурации является эффективным способом уменьшения силы удара в свободно летающих космических роботах. Для моделирования взаимодействия робота с объектами при разных конфигурациях манипулятора использовалась контактная модель Ханта - Кроссли с гистерезисным демпфированием. Смоделирован свободно плавающий робот с 7-ступенчатой передачей, а IEM рассчитан с помощью динамического анализа на основе матрицы Якоби. Коэффициент демпфирования настроили таким образом, чтобы сбалансировать отскок и стабильность захвата. Результаты показывают сильную нелинейную корреляцию между IEM и силой контакта. Конфигурации с низким IEM вызывали значительно меньшие усилия: например, при IEM в 0,0413 кг зафиксировано всего 442 Н, в то время как при IEM в 1,7199 кг усилия превышали 4142 Н. Оптимизация параметра демпфирующего коэффициента до значения порядка 0,8 позволила существенно минимизировать проявления эффекта рикошета, сохранив при этом требуемый уровень динамической устойчивости системы. Моделирование подтвердило, что оптимизация конфигурации способна уменьшить силы захвата почти на порядок величины, одновременно избегая сингулярностей. Таким образом, показано, что планирование конфигураций манипуляторов на основе анализа IEM является не только теоретическим инструментом, но и практическим средством для повышения безопасности и надежности операций по обслуживанию на орбите и удалению космического мусора. Эти выводы подтверждают важность оптимизации конфигурации как основы для следующего поколения космических роботизированных операций.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>contact force minimization</kwd><kwd>free-floating robot</kwd><kwd>integrated effective mass</kwd><kwd>on-orbit servicing</kwd><kwd>space robotics</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>минимизация контактной силы</kwd><kwd>свободно летающий робот</kwd><kwd>интегрированная эффективная масса</kwd><kwd>обслуживание на орбите</kwd><kwd>космическая робототехника</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Nomura K, Rella S, Merritt H, Baltussen M, Bird D, Tjuka A, and Falk D. Tipping points of space debris in low earth orbit. 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