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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Engineering Research</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Engineering Research</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Инженерные исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8143</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8151</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">40362</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8143-2024-25-2-173-185</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TOKJKL</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The Dual Aspects of Legal Reasoning in the Era of Artificial Intelligence - Defeasible Reasoning and Argumentation Scheme</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Множественные аспекты юридического правоприменения в эпоху искусственного интеллекта - формирование обоснованности правовой аргументации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0815-8537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Ze</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ли</surname><given-names>Цзэ</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Law, Associate Professor of the School of Law</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор юридических наук, доцент юридического факультета</p></bio><email>strawberry7576@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3934-0605</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lei</surname><given-names>Feiping</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лей</surname><given-names>Фейпин</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант юридического факультета</p></bio><email>leifeiping1997@163.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0811-0058</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6835-3155</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermakov</surname><given-names>Dmitry N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ермаков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Economics, Doctor of Political Sciences, Professor of the Department of Innovation Management in Industries, Engineering Academy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, доктор политических наук, профессор кафедры инновационного менеджмента в промышленности, инженерная академия</p></bio><email>ermakov-dn@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8446-857X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6130-5695</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Symaniuk</surname><given-names>Nina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сыманюк</surname><given-names>Нина Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, Department of Public Law, Graduate School of Economics and Management</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат юридических наук, доцент кафедры публичного права, Институт экономики и управления</p></bio><email>n.v.symaniuk@urfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3767-6659</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1110-4456</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Poletaev</surname><given-names>Ilya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Полетаев</surname><given-names>Илья Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student of the Department of Innovation Management and Foreign Economic Activity in Industry, Graduate School of Industrial Policy and Entrepreneurship</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры инновационного менеджмента и внешнеэкономической деятельности в промышленности Высшей школы промышленной политики и предпринимательства</p></bio><email>1142220172@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5014-6195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Aziz</surname><given-names>Naofal M.H.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Азиз</surname><given-names>Наофал Мохамад Хассин</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student of the Department of Innovation Management in Industries of the Engineering Academy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры инновационного менеджмента в промышленности, инженерная академия</p></bio><email>1042208064@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1556-6985</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Obaid</surname><given-names>Ahmed</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Обейд</surname><given-names>Ахмед</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student of the Department of Innovation Management in Industries of the Engineering Academy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры инновационного менеджмента в промышленности, инженерная академия</p></bio><email>1042218171@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5456-6934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Pavel I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Павел Ильич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student of the Department of Innovation Management in Industries of the Engineering Academy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры инновационного менеджмента на производствах, инженерная академия</p></bio><email>1142220389@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Shanghai University of Political Science and Law</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Шанхайский университет политических наук и права</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ural Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Уральский федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 25, NO2 (2024)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 25, №2 (2024)</issue-title><fpage>173</fpage><lpage>185</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-11"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Li Z., Lei F., Ermakov D.N., Symaniuk N.V., Poletaev I.V., Aziz N.M., Obaid A., Ivanov P.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Ли Ц., Лей Ф., Ермаков Д.Н., Сыманюк Н.В., Полетаев И.В., Азиз Н.М., Обейд А., Иванов П.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Li Z., Lei F., Ermakov D.N., Symaniuk N.V., Poletaev I.V., Aziz N.M., Obaid A., Ivanov P.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ли Ц., Лей Ф., Ермаков Д.Н., Сыманюк Н.В., Полетаев И.В., Азиз Н.М., Обейд А., Иванов П.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/40362">https://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/40362</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The age of artificial intelligence emphasises the possibility of justification and the dialectical aspects of legal reasoning. The need for validity in legal reasoning mainly stems from the existence of exceptions to rules and conflicts between rules. Formal logic may well account for exceptions to rules and thus characterise cancellable reasoning. The presented article focuses on legal issues related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) that are being discussed in the scientific community because of their importance for understanding the mechanisms of law realisation. Some of the most pressing issues in the application of artificial intelligence include: transparency of algorithms, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, unfairness, bias and discrimination, lack of adversariality, legal personality issues, intellectual property issues, adverse effects on employees, privacy and data protection issues, liability for damages and lack of liability. Recognising the importance of artificial intelligence in the field of law, and acknowledging that the field requires constant reassessment and flexibility, this article develops a discussion that is important given the seriousness of the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on legal actors. on legal issues related to Artificial Intelligence (AI) that are being discussed in the scientific community because of their importance for understanding the mechanisms of law realisation. Some of the most pressing issues in the application of artificial intelligence include: transparency of algorithms, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, unfairness, bias and discrimination, lack of adversariality, legal personality issues, intellectual property issues, adverse effects on employees, privacy and data protection issues, liability for damages and lack of liability. Recognising the importance of artificial intelligence in the field of law, and acknowledging that the field requires constant reassessment and flexibility, this article develops a discussion that is important given the seriousness of the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on legal actors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Эпоха искусственного интеллекта подчеркивает возможность обоснования и диалектические аспекты юридических рассуждений. Необходимость обоснованности правовой аргументации главным образом проистекает из существования исключений из правил и конфликтов между правилами. Формальная логика вполне может учитывать исключения из правил и, таким образом, характеризовать отменяемые рассуждения. В представленном исследовании основное внимание уделяется юридическим вопросам, связанным с искусственным интеллектом (ИИ), которые обсуждаются в научном сообществе, по причине их важности для понимания механизмов реализации права. К наиболее насущным проблемам применения искусственного интеллекта относятся прозрачность алгоритмов, уязвимости кибербезопасности, несправедливость, предвзятость и дискриминация, отсутствие состязательности, проблемы правосубъектности, проблемы интеллектуальной собственности, неблагоприятные последствия для работников, вопросы конфиденциальности и защиты данных, ответственность за ущерб и отсутствие ответственности. Признавая важность искусственного интеллекта в области права и отмечая, что данная область требует постоянной переоценки и гибкого подхода, представленное исследование развивает дискуссию, которая важна, учитывая серьезность воздействия технологий искусственного интеллекта на субъектов права.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>artificial intelligence defeasibility</kwd><kwd>the dual aspects of legal reasoning</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence defeasibility</kwd><kwd>the dual aspects of legal reasoning</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>применимость искусственного интеллекта в праве</kwd><kwd>схемы аргументации юридических рассуждений</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Buchanan BG, Headrick TE. Some Speculation about Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning. Stanford Law Review; 1970.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Lodder AR. 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