<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Engineering Research</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Engineering Research</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Инженерные исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8143</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8151</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">37370</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8143-2023-24-4-305-322</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">HMUNNV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Artificial intelligencedriven optimization of MEMS navigation sensors for enhanced user experience</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оптимизация навигационных датчиков МЭМС с применением искусственного интеллекта для улучшения пользовательского опыта</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0673-1893</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alizadeh</surname><given-names>Ali</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ализадех</surname><given-names>Али</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.S Student of the Department of Mechanics and Control Processes, Academy of Engineering, RUDN Univ; M.S Student of the Department of Space Engineering, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистрант департамента механики и процессов управления, инженерная академия, Российский университет дружбы народов; магистрант кафедры космической инженерии, факультет аэрокосмической техники, Технологический университет К.Н. Туси</p></bio><email>ali.rim.alizadeh@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3880-6662</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saltykova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салтыкова</surname><given-names>Ольга Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. of Physico-Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Mechanics and Control Processes, Academy of Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент департамента механики и процессов управления, инженерная академия</p></bio><email>saltykova-oa@rudn.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8123-6968</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Novinzadeh</surname><given-names>A. B</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новинзадех</surname><given-names>Алиреза Басохбат</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. of Space Engineering, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Space Engineering, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор наук в области космической инженерии, доцент, заведующий кафедрой космической инженерии, факультет аэрокосмической инженерии</p></bio><email>novinzadeh@kntu.ac.ir</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Технологический университет имени К.Н. Туси</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">K.N. Toosi University of Technology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff id="aff3"><institution>K.N. Toosi University of Technology</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 24, NO4 (2023)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 24, №4 (2023)</issue-title><fpage>305</fpage><lpage>322</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-01-09"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Alizadeh A., Saltykova O.A., Novinzadeh A.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Ализадех А., Салтыкова О.А., Новинзадех А.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alizadeh A., Saltykova O.A., Novinzadeh A.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ализадех А., Салтыкова О.А., Новинзадех А.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/37370">https://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/37370</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">This review delves into the key area of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven optimization applied to Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) navigation sensors, with the primary objective of enhancing the user experience. Employing a comprehensive research methodology, it extensively explores AI-powered techniques, encompassing sensor fusion, adaptive filtering, calibration, compensation, predictive modeling, and energy efficiency. Through rigorous case studies and empirical evidence, this research provides substantial achievements, including enhanced accuracy, reduced power consumption, heightened reliability, and amplified user satisfaction, across diverse applications such as autonomous vehicles, indoor localization, wearable devices, and unmanned systems. In conclusion, this review highlights the transformative potential of AI-driven optimization in MEMS navigation sensors while acknowledging persistent challenges in computational complexity, data availability, and real-time processing. It advocates for future research focusing on innovative AI methodologies, integration with emerging technologies, adherence to human-centric design principles, and the establishment of rigorous evaluation standards. Such research promises to unlock the full potential of AI-driven optimization, ushering in advanced and user-centric navigation systems, and ultimately improving user experience across diverse areas.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Кусственного интеллекта (ИИ), применяемого к навигационным датчикам микроэлектромеханических систем (МЭМС). Основная цель - улучшение пользовательского опыта. Используя комплексный подход, исследуются методы, основанные на искусственном интеллекте, включающие слияние датчиков, адаптивную фильтрацию, калибровку, компенсацию, прогнозное моделирование и энергоэффективность. Через строгое проведение кейс-исследований и использование эмпирических данных данное исследование подтверждает значительные достижения, включая повышенную точность, снижение энергопотребления, увеличение надежности и усиление удовлетворенности пользователя, в различных приложениях, таких как автономные транспортные средства, внутреннее определение положения, носимые устройства и беспилотные системы. В заключении данное исследование подчеркивает трансформационный потенциал оптимизации на основе ИИ в навигационных датчиках МЭМС, признавая при этом наличие постоянных вызовов, таких как вычислительная сложность, доступность данных и обработка в реальном времени проведения дальнейших исследований, ориентированных на инновационные методологии ИИ, их интеграцию с передовыми технологиями с условием соблюдения принципов дизайна, ориентированных на человека, и установление строгих стандартов оценки. Подобные исследования позволят использовать весь потенциал механизмов оптимизации на основе методов ИИ, внедряя передовые и ориентированные на пользователя навигационные системы и в конечном итоге повышая уровень удобства пользователей в различных областях применения подобных систем.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Microelectromechanical Systems</kwd><kwd>Artificial Intelligence</kwd><kwd>Mathematical Modelling</kwd><kwd>Optimization</kwd><kwd>Navigation Sensors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроэлектромеханические системы</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>оптимизация</kwd><kwd>навигационные датчики</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Le MQ, Capsal JF, Lallart M, Hebrard Y, Ham AVD, Reffe N, Geynet L, Cottinet P-J. Review on energy harvesting for structural health monitoring in aeronautical applications. Progress in Aerospace Sciences. 2015;79:147-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2015.10.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Kraft M, White Neil M. MEMS for Automotive and Aerospace Applications. Woodhead Publishing Limited; 2013. eBook ISBN: 9780857096487</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Marope T. Future Technological Factors Affecting Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS): A South African Perspective Towards 2025. PhD. Dissertation, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Benser ET, Shkel AM. Trends in Inertial Sensors and Applications. 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Inertial Sensors and Systems (INERTIAL) Proceedings, Hapuna Beach, HI, USA, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISISS.2015.7102358</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Al Bitar N, Gavrilov A, Khalaf W. Artificial Intelligence Based Methods for Accuracy Improvement of Integrated Navigation Systems During GNSS Signal Outages: An Analytical Overview. Gyroscopy Navigation. 2020;11(1):41-58. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075 108720010022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Mahdi AE, Azouz A, Abdalla AE, Abosekeen A. A Machine Learning Approach for an Improved Inertial Navigation System Solution. Sensors. 2022;22(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041687</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Wang C, Cui Y, Liu Y, Li K, Shen C. High-G MEMS Accelerometer Calibration Denoising Method Based on EMD and Time-Frequency Peak Filtering. Micromachines (Basel). 2023;14(5):970. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/mi14050970</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Noureldin A, El-Shafie A, Reda Taha M. Optimizing neuro-fuzzy modules for data fusion of vehicular navigation systems using temporal cross-validation. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 2007;20(1):49-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2006.03.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Biswas A, Wang HC. Autonomous Vehicles Enabled by the Integration of IoT, Edge Intelligence, 5G, and Blockchain. Sensors. 2023;23(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/s23041963</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Li Duan F. When AIAA Meets IEEE Intelligent Aero-Engine and Electric Aircraft. Springer; 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8394-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Zhuang Y, Sun X, Li Y et al. Multi-sensor integrated navigation/positioning systems using data fusion: From analytics-based to learning-based approaches. Information Fusion. 2023;95:62-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.01.025</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Quinchia AG, Falco G, Falletti E, Dovis F, Ferrer C. A comparison between different error modeling of MEMS applied to GPS/INS integrated systems. Sensors. 2013;13(8):9549-9588. https://doi.org/10.3390/s130809549</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Nabavi S, Zhang L. MEMS Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Design and Optimization Based on Genetic Algorithm; 2016 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS): 18-21 Sept. 2016. IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. Published online 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2016.7728786</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Xi F, Pang Y, Liu G et al. Self-powered intelligent buoy system by water wave energy for sustainable and autonomous wireless sensing and data transmission. Nano Energy. 2019;61:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.04.026</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Hajare R, Reddy V, Srikanth R. MEMS based sensors - A comprehensive review of commonly used fabrication techniques. In: Elsevier-Materials Today: Proceedings. Elsevier Ltd; 2021;49:720-730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.223</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Shi LF, Zhao Y Le, Liu GX, Chen S, Wang Y, Shi YF. A Robust Pedestrian Dead Reckoning System Using Low-Cost Magnetic and Inertial Sensors. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas. 2019;68(8):2996-3003. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2018.2869262</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Goebel R, Tanaka Y, Wahlster W. Autonomous and Intelligent Systems. Vol. 283. (Kamel M, Karray F, Hagras H, eds.). Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2012. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31368-4</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Fontanella R, Accardo D, Caricati E, Cimmino S, Simone D De. An Extensive Analysis for the Use of Back Propagation Neural Networks to Perform the Calibration of MEMS Gyro Bias Thermal Drift. IEEE. Published online 2016:1-9.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Chimeh HE, Nabavi S, Janaideh MAl, Zhang L. Deep-Learning-Based Optimization for a Low-Frequency Piezoelectric MEMS Energy Harvester. IEEE Sens J. 2021;21(19):21330-21341. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2021.3102537</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Fitzgerald AM, Fitzgerald AM. MEMS Inertial Sensors. In: Morton YTJ, Frank van Diggelen, Spilker JJ, Parkinson BW, eds. Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications. Vol. 2. 1st ed. John Wiley &amp; Sons; 2021:1435-1446.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Park M. Error Analysis and Stochastic Modeling of MEMS Based Inertial Sensors for Land Vehicle Navigation Applications. Master thesis. University of Calgary; 2004.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>García JA, Lara E, Aguilar L. A low-cost calibration method for low-cost MEMS accelerometers based on 3D printing. MDPI-Sensors. 2020;20(22):1-19. м10.3390/s20226454</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Han S, Meng Z, Omisore O, Akinyemi T, Yan Y. Random error reduction algorithms for MEMS inertial sensor accuracy improvement - a review. Micromachines (Basel). 2020;11(11):1-36. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11111021</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Fontanella R, Accardo D, Lo Moriello RS, Angrisani L, De Simone D. MEMS gyros temperature calibration through artificial neural networks. Sens Actuators A Phys. 2018;279:553-565. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.sna.2018.04.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Hua Y, Wang S, Li B, Bai G, Zhang P. Dynamic modeling and anti-disturbing control of an electromagnetic mems torsional micromirror considering external vibrations in vehicular lidar. Micromachines (Basel). 2021;12(1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12010069</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Jamil F, Iqbal N, Ahmad S, Kim DH. Toward accurate position estimation using learning to prediction algorithm in indoor navigation. Sensors (Switzerland). 2020;20(16):1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164410</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Couchot JF, Deschinkel K, Salomon M. Active MEMS-based flow control using artificial neural network. Mechatronics. 2013;23(7):898-905. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2013.02.010</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Berndt JO, Petta P, Unland R. Proceedings Multiagent System Technologies. (Goebel R, Tanaka Y, Wahlster W, eds.). Springer; 2017. https://doi.org/10. 1007/978-3-319-64798-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Podder I, Fischl T, Bub U. Artificial Intelligence Applications for MEMS-Based Sensors and Manufacturing Process Optimization. Telecom. 2023; 4(1):165-197. м10.3390/telecom4010011 30. Algamili AS, Khir MHM, Dennis JO et al. A Review of Actuation and Sensing Mechanisms in MEMS-Based Sensor Devices. Nanoscale Research Letters. 2021;16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-021-03481-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Shen C, Zhang Y, Guo X et al. Seamless GPS/Inertial Navigation System Based on Self-Learning Square-Root Cubature Kalman Filter. IEEE Transac- tions on Industrial Electronics. 2021;68(1):499-508. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2020.2967671</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Scrivener M, Carmical P. Recommender System with Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence. (Mohanty SN, Chatterjee JM, Jain S, Elngar AA, Gupta P, eds.). Wiley; 2020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Abdolkarimi ES, Abaei G, Mosavi MR. A wavelet-extreme learning machine for low-cost INS/ GPS navigation system in high-speed applications. GPS Solutions. 2018;22(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291- 017-0682-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Chen F, Chang H, Yuan W, Wilcock R, Kraft M. Parameter optimization for a high-order band-pass continuous-time sigma-delta modulator MEMS gyroscope using a genetic algorithm approach. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. 2012;22(10). https://doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/22/10/105006</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Liang S, Zhu W, Zhao F, Wang C. Highefficiency wavelet compressive fusion for improving MEMS array performance. Sensors (Switzerland). 2020;20(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061662</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Caruso D. Improving Visual-Inertial Navigation Using Stationary Environmental Magnetic Disturbances. Doctoral thesis. Paris-Saclay University; 2018. https://theses.hal.science/tel-01886847</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Dong J, Zhuang D, Huang Y, Fu J. Advances in multi-sensor data fusion: Algorithms and applications. Sensors. 2009;9(10):7771-7784. https://doi. org/10.3390/s91007771</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Mostafa MZ, Khater HA, Rizk MR, Bahasan AM. GPS/DVL/MEMS-INS smartphone sensors integrated method to enhance USV navigation system based on adaptive DSFCF. IET Radar, Sonar and Navigation. 2019;13(10):1616-1627. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2019.0015</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Ma H, Mu X, He B. Adaptive navigation algorithm with deep learning for autonomous underwater vehicle. Sensors. 2021;21(19). https://doi.org/ 10.3390/s21196406</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Xing H, Hou B, Lin Z, Guo M. Modeling and compensation of random drift of MEMS gyroscopes based on least squares support vector machine optimized by chaotic particle swarm optimization. Sensors (Switzerland). 2017;17(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102335</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Huang L, Li H, Yu B et al. Combination of smartphone mems sensors and environmental prior information for pedestrian indoor positioning. Sensors (Switzerland). 2020;20(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/s200 82263</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Šegviü M, Krajþek K, Ivanjko E. Technologies for distributed flight control systems: A review. 2015 38th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO), 2015:1060-1065. https://doi.org/ 10.1109/MIPRO.2015.7160432</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Nevlydov I, Filipenko O, Volkova M, Ponomaryova G. MEMS-Based Inertial Sensor Signals and Machine Learning Methods for Classifying Robot Motion. In: 2018 IEEE Second International Conference on Data Stream Mining &amp; Processing (DSMP). Lviv, Ukraine, 2018:13-16. https://doi.org/10.1109/DSMP.2018.8478613</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Fouché GJ, Malekian R. Drone as an autonomous aerial sensor system for motion planning. Measurement (Lond). 2018;119:142-155. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.measurement.2018.01.027</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Jiang C, Chen S, Chen Y et al. A MEMS IMU de-noising method using long short-term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNN). Sensors. 2018;18(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18103470</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Pokhrel N. Drone Obstacle Avoidance and Navigation to Using Artificial Intelligence. Master’s Thesis. Aalto University; 2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Khan YA, Imaduddin S, Singh YP, Wajid M, Usman M, Abbas M. Artificial Intelligence Based Approach for Classification of Human Activities Using MEMS Sensors Data. Sensors. 2023;23(3):1275. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031275</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Cao Z, Hu L, Yi G, Wang Z. Arm Motion Capture and Recognition Algorithm Based on MEMS Sensor Networks and KPA. IEEE. 2021:133-139. https://doi.org/10.1109/EIECS53707.2021.9588046</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Xing J, Wang X, Dong J. Big data tracking and automatic measurement technology for unmanned aerial vehicle trajectory based on MEMS sensor. Springer. 2022;26(9):4237-4247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-06457-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Bieliakov R. Simulation of platform-free inertial navigation system of unmanned aerial vehicles based on neural network algorithms. Technology Audit and Production Reserves. 2021;1(2(57)):15-19. https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.225282</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Zahran S, Moussa A, El-Sheimy N, Sesay AB, Moussa A. Hybrid Machine Learning VDM for UAVs in GNSS-denied Environment. Journal of the Institute of Navigation. 2018;65(3):477-492. https://doi.org/10. 1002/navi.249</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Shi T, Wang H, Cui W, Ren L. Indoor space target searching based on EEG and EOG for UAV. Soft Computing. 2019;23(21):11199-11215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-018-3670-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Borup KT, Fossen TI, Johansen TA. A machine learning approach for estimating air data parameters of small fixed-wing UAVs using distributed pressure sensors. IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst. 2020;56(3): 2157-2173. https://doi.org/10.1109/TAES.2019.2945383</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Colombo C, Scala F, Trisolini M, Gonzalo Gòmez JL. The Environmental CubeSat Mission E.Cube for Low Earth Orbit Data Acquisition. 26th Conference of the Italian Association of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIDAA 2021). 2021:1-6. https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1186118</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Cong L, Yue S, Qin H, Li B, Yao J. Implementation of a MEMS-Based GNSS/INS Integrated Scheme Using Supported Vector Machine for Land Vehicle Navigation. IEEE Sens J. 2020;20(23):14423-14435. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3007892</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Silva MAC, Shan M, Cervone A, Gill E. Fuzzy control allocation of micro thrusters for space debris removal using CubeSats. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 2019;81:145-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2019.02.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Yue S, Cong L, Qin H, Li B, Yao J. A Robust Fusion Methodology for MEMS-Based Land Vehicle Navigation in GNSS-Challenged Environments. IEEE Access. 2020;8:44087-44099. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2977474</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Liddle JD, Holt AP, Jason SJ, O’Donnell KA, Stevens EJ. Space science with CubeSats and nanosatellites. Nat Astron. 2020;4(11):1026-1030. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41550-020-01247-2</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Smith MW, Donner A, Knapp M et al. On-orbit results and lessons learned from the ASTERIA space telescope mission. In Proc. 32nd Annual AIAA/USU Conference on Small Satellites SSC18-1-08. Logan, Utah, 2018.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Dai H-F, Bian H-W, Wang R-Y, Ma H. An INS/ GNSS integrated navigation in GNSS denied environment using recurrent neural network. Defence Technology. 2020;16(2):334-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2019.08.011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Nader Al Bitar, Gavrilov A, Khalaf W. Artificial Intelligence Based Methods for Accuracy Improvement of Integrated Navigation Systems During GNSS Signal Outages: An Analytical Overview. Gyroscopy and Navigation. 2020;11(1):41-58. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2075108720010022</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Du S, Zhang S, Gan X. A Hybrid Fusion Strategy for the Land Vehicle Navigation Using MEMS INS, Odometer and GNSS. IEEE Access. 2020;8:152512-152522. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3016004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B62"><label>62.</label><mixed-citation>Mahdi AE, Azouz A, Abdalla AE, Abosekeen A. A Machine Learning Approach for an Improved Inertial Navigation System Solution. MDPI Sensors. 2022; 22(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/s22041687</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B63"><label>63.</label><mixed-citation>Shit RC. Precise localization for achieving next-generation autonomous navigation: State-of-theart, taxonomy and future prospects. Computer Communications. 2020;160:351-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2020.06.007</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B64"><label>64.</label><mixed-citation>Esashi M. MEMS development focusing on collaboration using common facilities: a retrospective view and future directions. Microsyst Nanoeng. 2021; 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-021-00290-x</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
