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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Engineering Research</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Engineering Research</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Инженерные исследования</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2312-8143</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2312-8151</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">30482</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2312-8143-2021-22-4-355-363</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">On the way to autonomous navigation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>На пути к автономному судоходству</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-7035</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volodin</surname><given-names>Alexey B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Володин</surname><given-names>Алексей Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Director of the Academy of Water Transport</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент, директор Академии водного транспорта</p></bio><email>ab.volodin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7945-3931</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Presnov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Преснов</surname><given-names>Сергей Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Deputy Director of the Scientific and Educational Center for Maritime, Inland Waterway Transport and Autonomous Navigation Technologies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, заместитель директора научно-образовательного центра морского, внутреннего водного транспорта и технологий автономного судоходства</p></bio><email>presnov@rivreg.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6396-4917</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakunchikov</surname><given-names>Vladimir V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якунчиков</surname><given-names>Владимир Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Port Lifting and Transport Machines and Robotics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат технических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой портовых подъемно-транспортных машин и робототехники</p></bio><email>shneider1969@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian University of Transport</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет транспорта</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-12-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 22, NO4 (2021)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 22, №4 (2021)</issue-title><fpage>355</fpage><lpage>363</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-03-15"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Volodin A.B., Presnov S.V., Yakunchikov V.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Володин А.Б., Преснов С.В., Якунчиков В.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Volodin A.B., Presnov S.V., Yakunchikov V.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Володин А.Б., Преснов С.В., Якунчиков В.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/30482">https://journals.rudn.ru/engineering-researches/article/view/30482</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The national aspects of readiness and the tasks of introducing autonomous (unmanned) navigation in the near future are considered. The purpose of the study - identification of economic benefits and risks, problem areas of implementation of autonomous navigation technologies. The economic benefit is based on a reduction in the costs of paying the crew of the ship, living on board it, reducing losses from accidents. If the question “what?” has already been answered - the installation of autonomous navigation systems is available for naval vessels today, then the question “why?” has not yet been resolved. If the main benefit is expected from a reduction in crew, then a noticeable reduction in crew is possible only for newly built and relatively modern vessels with an auto- mation level of at least AUT2, the share of which under the flag of the Russian Navy is about 15%. At the same time, the modernization of existing inland navigation vessels into autonomous vessels is now available for less than 2% of the river transport fleet (vessels with an automation level of A1), which suggests that autonomous inland water transport only has to be built. The risks also include the slow pace of construction of new ships, as well as retraining and further employment with a massive reduction in the crew of ships. Foreign and domestic experience of the initial stage of autonomous navigation implementation is considered.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Рассматриваются национальные аспекты готовности и задачи внедрения автономного (беспилотного) судоходства в ближайшей перспективе. Цель исследования - определить экономические выгоды и риски, проблемные места внедрения технологий автономного судоходства. Экономическая выгода базируется на снижении затрат на оплату экипажа судна, его проживания на борту, сокращения убытков от аварий. Если на вопрос «что?» уже дан ответ - установка систем автономного судовождения доступна для морских судов уже сегодня, то вопрос «зачем?» пока не решен. При условии, что основная выгода предполагается от сокращения экипажа, заметное сокращение возможно только для вновь строящихся и относительно современных судов с уровнем автоматизации не ниже АUT2, доля которых под флагом морского коммерческого флота РФ составляет около 15 %. Вместе с тем модернизация существующих судов внутреннего водного плавания в автономные доступна сегодня для менее чем 2 % речного транспортного флота (суда с уровнем автоматизации А1), следовательно, автономный внутренний водный транспорт лишь предстоит построить. К рискам стоит отнести медленный темп постройки новых судов, а также переучивание и дальнейшее трудоустройство при массовом сокращении экипажей судов. Проанализирован зарубежный и отечественный опыт начального этапа внедрения автономного судоходства.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autonomous shipping</kwd><kwd>technical aspects of implementation</kwd><kwd>reduction of ship crews</kwd><kwd>foreign experience</kwd><kwd>national programs</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>автономное судоходство</kwd><kwd>технические аспекты внедрения</kwd><kwd>сокращение экипажей судов</kwd><kwd>зарубежный опыт</kwd><kwd>национальные программы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Fan C, Wróbel K, Montewka J, Gil M, Wan C, Zhang D. A framework to identify factors influencing navigational risk for maritime autonomous surface ships. Ocean Eng. 2020;202:107188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.107188</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Kooij C, Hekkenberg R. 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