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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экономика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2329</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8986</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">47300</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2329-2025-33-3-495-504</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FAMWNA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Developed and developing countries economy</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономика развитых и развивающихся стран</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Econometric model of energy: Russia’s response to the challenges of the global economy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эконометрическая модель энергетики: ответ России на вызовы глобальной экономики</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1821-1223</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borodin</surname><given-names>Aleksandr E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бородин</surname><given-names>Александр Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>3rd year postgraduate student, Faculty of Economics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант 3-го года обучения, экономический факультет</p></bio><email>1142220442@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4638-5623</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1500-2438</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernyev</surname><given-names>Maxim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черняев</surname><given-names>Максим Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Deputy Dean, Department of National Economics, Faculty of Economics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры национальной экономики, экономический факультет</p></bio><email>chernyaev-mv@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-11-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Modernization and innovation: new challenges for the world</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Модернизация и инновации:  новые вызовы мировой экономики</issue-title><fpage>495</fpage><lpage>504</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-11-25"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Borodin A.E., Chernyev M.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Бородин А.Е., Черняев М.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Borodin A.E., Chernyev M.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бородин А.Е., Черняев М.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/47300">https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/47300</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of the study is due to both the high degree of importance of energy for the economic development of Russia and the insufficient use of econometric models in modern energy research. The purpose of the study is to develop and propose an econometric model of the country’s fuel and energy resources. In line with this objective, the research provides a detailed examination of the methodological framework and key stages involved in developing an econometric model using autoregressive analysis for the purpose of studying the Russian energy sector. This is both the scientific and applied, as well as the scientific and methodological significance of the presented publication. To achieve this goal, statistical materials from Rostat “Consumption of fuel and energy resources per person employed in the country’s economy” have been used since 2012. Econometric analysis and statistics are used as a methodology, in particular, an autoregressive analysis model is used. The methodological advantage of the autoregressive model is its flexibility when working with a wide range of different time series patterns. Data Science methods were used to develop the model in particular, cMLE (conditional maximum likelihood method). The autoregressive model itself is written in the high-level Python language. Pandas, Numpy, Statsmodels, Sklearn.metrics, and Matplotlib libraries and modules were used. The study describes in detail the main stages of building an autoregressive model: data selection, visualization and verification for stationarity, data separation into test and training samples, training of an autoregressive model, RMSE analysis. The data obtained are characterized by the absence of an obvious trend: there have been periods of a decrease in the consumption of fuel and energy resources per person employed in the country’s economy since 2012, as well as periods of an increase in the corresponding consumption in tons of conventional fuel. The study concludes that the autoregressive model is applicable to the analysis of the Russian energy sector. Although the time series of data is limited, the autoregressive model has high predictive characteristics. The “conservatism” of the autoregressive model towards underestimating the forecast values is emphasized. It is indicated that as new energy statistics accumulate, the autoregressive qualities of the model will improve.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Актуальность исследования обусловлена как высокой степенью значимости энергетики для экономического развития России, так и недостаточным использованием эконометрических моделей в современных энергетических исследованих. В соответствии с поставленной целью, в исследовании детально рассмотрены методологические основы и этапы разработки эконометрической модели на базе авторегрессионного анализа для изучения российского энергетического сектора. Использованы статистические материалы Росстата «Потребление топливно-энергетических ресурсов на одного занятого в экономике страны» с 2012 г. Подробно рассмотрены основные методические и методологические аспекты, показаны ключевые этапы разработки эконометрической модели в виде авторегрессионного анализа. Авторегрессионные модели (АМ) отличаются методической гибкостью в обработке временных данных с разными характеристиками. АМ для анализа энергосферы России разработана методами Data Science, в частности, cMLE (условный метод максимального правдоподобия) и написана на высокоуровневом языке Python. Использовались библиотеки и модули Pandas, Numpy, Statsmodels, Sklearn.metrics, Matplotlib. Представлены основные этапы построения АМ: отбор данных, их визуализация и проверка на стационарность, разделение данных на тестовую и обучающую выборки, обучение авторегрессионной модели, анализ RMSE. Полученные данные характеризуются отсутствием очевидного тренда: с 2012 г. наблюдаются как периоды снижения потребления топливно-энергетических ресурсов на одного занятого в экономике страны, так и периоды роста соответствующего потребления в тоннах условного топлива. Сделан вывод о применимости АМ для анализа энергетики России. Хотя временной ряд данных является ограниченным, АМ обладает высокими прогностическими характеристиками. Подчеркнута «консервативность» АМ в сторону занижения прогнозных значений. Указано, что по мере накопления новой энергетической статистики авторегрессионные качества модели будут улучшаться.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electric power industry of Russia</kwd><kwd>econometric analysis</kwd><kwd>autoregressive analysis</kwd><kwd>energy industry of Russia</kwd><kwd>fuel and energy resources</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электроэнергетика России</kwd><kwd>эконометрический анализ</kwd><kwd>авторегрессионный анализ</kwd><kwd>энергетика России</kwd><kwd>топливно-энергетические ресурсы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Athey, S., &amp; Imbens, G.W. (2017). The state of applied econometrics: Causality and policy evaluation. 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