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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экономика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2329</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8986</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">45439</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2329-2025-33-2-213-226</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CTKBOT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MOVEMENT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ ДВИЖЕНИЕ КАПИТАЛА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">External and internal factors of international reserve management in China</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Внешние и внутренние факторы управления международными резервами в Китае</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8669-841X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jiang</surname><given-names>Wen</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цзян</surname><given-names>Вэнь</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate student of the Department of International Economic Relations, Faculty of Economics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант кафедры международных экономических отношений, экономический факультет</p></bio><email>jiang.wen928@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7861-5414</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2729-5688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andronova</surname><given-names>Inna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андронова</surname><given-names>Инна Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Sci. (Econ.), Professor, Head of the Faculty of Economics, Head of the Department of International Economic Relations</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, профессор, декан экономического факультета, заведующая кафедрой международных экономических отношений</p></bio><email>andronova-iv@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">ASIAN AND AFRICAN COUNTRIES IN A MULTIPOLAR WORLD</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">СТРАНЫ АЗИИ И АФРИКИ  В УСЛОВИЯХ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ МНОГОПОЛЯРНОГО МИРА</issue-title><fpage>213</fpage><lpage>226</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-08-07"><day>07</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Jiang W., Andronova I.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Цзян В., Андронова И.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jiang W., Andronova I.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Цзян В., Андронова И.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/45439">https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/45439</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This study focuses on the management of international reserves in China, one of the global leaders in reserve volumes. China actively employs its reserves not only to mitigate the adverse effects of external shocks on its balance of payments, exchange rate, and overall economy, as is customary in global practices, but also to stimulate socio-­economic development, expand access to external markets and advanced technologies, and enhance the position of the Chinese economy within the global economic system. The study aims to analyze the mechanism of international reserve utilization in China and identify key factors shaping this mechanism over the past 15 years. The results indicate that China’s international reserves are intrinsically linked to its export-­oriented economy. Key influencing factors include fluctuations in export growth, shifts in external demand, the implementation of the “dual circulation” strategy since the early 2010s, and the recently introduced “socialist modernization” strategy. The implementation of this strategy encountered a number of challenges discussed in the study, therefore export still plays a decisive role in building international reserves and ensuring the growth of the Chinese economy. Faced with declining external demand and slower export growth, China introduced the “dual circulation” concept to partially rely on domestic demand. However, challenges in its implementation have kept exports central to the accumulation of reserves and economic growth. Amid escalating global challenges and sanctions pressure, China has intensified efforts to improve economic efficiency, culminating in the introduction of the “socialist modernization” strategy in 2023. Based on an analysis of these factors and the decisions of the Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, this study evaluates China’s medium-­term strategies for managing international reserves.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Рассмотрены вопросы управления международными резервами в Китае (КНР). Китай относится к числу мировых лидеров по объему резервов и активно использует их не только для нейтрализации негативного влияния внешних шоков на платежный баланс, валютный курс и экономику в целом, как это принято в мировой практике. Китай применяет международные резервы в механизме стимулирования собственного социально-­экономического развития, а также в качестве инструмента расширения доступа к внешним рынкам и технологиям, укрепления позиций китайской экономики в мировой экономической системе. Цель исследования — общее описание механизма использования международных резервов в Китае и выявление основных факторов, оказывающих на этот механизм влияние в последние полтора десятилетия. Показано, что формирование и использование международных резервов Китая непосредственно связано с экспортной ориентацией экономики КНР. Поэтому к основным факторам, влиявшим на управление международными резервами Китая, относятся динамика экспорта, изменение внешнего спроса, степень успешности реализации Китаем стратегии «двойной циркуляции» с начала 2010-х гг., а также стратегия «социалистической модернизации», выдвинутая в последнее время. Китай до 2010-х гг. имел экспортную ориентацию экономики, однако в связи с сокращением внешнего спроса и замедлением динамики экспорта, с начала 2010-х попытался изменить стратегию экономического развития, выдвинув концепцию «двойной циркуляции», частичной опоры в своем развитии на внутренний, а не только внешний спрос. Реализация этой стратегии шла с рядом сложностей, рассматриваемых в исследовании, поэтому экспорт по-­прежнему играет определяющее значение в формировании международных резервов и обеспечении роста китайской экономики. При этом нарастающие проблемы в мировой экономике, санкционное давление заставляют Китай искать пути повышения эффективности собственной экономики для чего с 2023 г. выдвинута новая стратеги «социалистической модернизации». С учетом анализа влияния этих факторов и логики решений ХХ Пленума ЦК КПК дана оценка подходов Китая к управлению международными резервами в среднесрочной перспективе.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>economic growth</kwd><kwd>economic development strategy</kwd><kwd>export</kwd><kwd>dual circulation</kwd><kwd>world economic crisis</kwd><kwd>domestic and foreign demand</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экономический рост</kwd><kwd>стратегия экономического развития</kwd><kwd>экспорт</kwd><kwd>двойная циркуляция</kwd><kwd>кризисные явления в мировой экономике</kwd><kwd>внутренний и внешний спрос</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Jiang W. acknowledges the financial support from the China Scholarship Council (No. 202108090210).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Цзян Вэнь выражает благодарность за финансовую поддержку China Scholarship Council (№ 202108090210).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Aiyar, S., Chen, J., Ebeke, C.H., Garcia-­Saltos, R., Gudmundsson, T., Ilyina, A., &amp; Trevino, J. 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