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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экономика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2329</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8986</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">43978</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2329-2025-33-1-26-39</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RPKQZZ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНАЯ ТОРГОВЛЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Russian oil trade in the face of economic sanctions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспективы торговли Российской нефтью на фоне экономических санкций</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9678-8581</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andrade</surname><given-names>Gustavo B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андраде</surname><given-names>Густаво Б.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D., researcher, Fuzzy Logic Laboratory, Industrial Engineering Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат наук, исследователь, лаборатория нечеткой логики, Институт инженерных наук</p></bio><email>gustavo106@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3318-4892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Krykhtine</surname><given-names>Fábio</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крихтин</surname><given-names>Фабио</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Fuzzy Logic Laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>исследователь, лаборатория нечеткой логики</p></bio><email>kryhtine@poli.ufrj.br</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-6184</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cosenza</surname><given-names>Carlos A. Nunes</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Косенза</surname><given-names>Карлос А. Нунес</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher, Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Engineering Research</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>исследователь, Альберто Луис Коимбра Институт последипломного образования и инженерных исследований</p></bio><email>cosenzacoppe@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8894-2200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Silva</surname><given-names>Vinícius Costa</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силва</surname><given-names>Винициус К.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>исследователь</p></bio><email>vcosta@poli.ufrj.br</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal University of Rio De Janeiro</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный университет Рио-де-Жанейро</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>33</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">THE WORLD IN MOTION: GLOBALIZATION OR NATIONAL INTERESTS?</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Мир в движении: глобализация или национальные интересы?</issue-title><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-27"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Andrade G.B., Krykhtine F., Cosenza C.A., Silva V.C.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Андраде Г.Б., Крихтин Ф., Косенза К.А., Силва В.К.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andrade G.B., Krykhtine F., Cosenza C.A., Silva V.C.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андраде Г.Б., Крихтин Ф., Косенза К.А., Силва В.К.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/43978">https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/43978</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The world’s energy matrix is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, but nowadays it is in transition to a greater and better use of renewable sources, such as wind, solar, hydroelectric, biomass, alcohol, biodiesel. Since the beginning of Russia’s special military operation in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, the European Union has imposed massive and unprecedented sanctions against Russia. These sanctions are in addition to the measures already imposed since 2014. Sanctions include specific restrictive measures against individuals, economic sanctions, diplomatic measures, and stricter visa procedures. The purpose of economic sanctions is to impose consequences on Russian economy for its actions and thwart its ability to continue the conflict. Seeking the application of a model that makes it possible to provide the best energy sources under the best conditions, this work analyzes a decision-making model for the supply of physical commodities using fuzzy tools. To achieve the best decision in the supply of the considered energy source, three steps must be considered for the application of the hierarchical fuzzy method, namely: 1) refining margin screening; 2) the fuzzy matrices of technical selection; 3) fuzzy ranking so that the decision maker has better conditions for his analysis. A case study was elaborated using the new Three-Step Selection Method, with fuzzy ranking for the selection of crude oils for supplying refineries, using the COPPE-Cosenza Hierarchical Method, which also can be used on any investment decision making.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Мировая энергетическая матрица в значительной степени зависит от ископаемого топлива, но в настоящее время происходит переход к более широкому и эффективному использованию возобновляемых источников, таких как ветер, солнце, гидроэлектроэнергия, биомасса, биодизель. С момента начала специальной военной операции России в Украине 24 февраля 2022 г. Европейский союз ввел масштабные и беспрецедентные санкции против России. Эти санкции дополняют меры, уже введенные с 2014 г. Санкции включают в себя конкретные ограничительные меры в отношении отдельных лиц, экономические санкции, дипломатические меры и ужесточение визового режима. Цель экономических санкций - наложить последствия на российскую экономику и помешать ее способности продолжать конфликт. Стремясь к применению модели, позволяющей обеспечить источники энергии при наилучших условиях, в данной работе анализируется модель принятия решений по поставкам физических товаров с использованием инструментов нечеткой логики: 1) скрининг маржи переработки; 2) нечеткие матрицы технического отбора; 3) нечеткое ранжирование. В рамках проведенного исследования был применен трехступенчатый метод с нечетким ранжированием для выбора сырой нефти для снабжения нефтеперерабатывающих заводов с помощью иерархического метода COPPE-Cosenza, который также может быть использован для принятия любых инвестиционных решений.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>investment decision making method</kwd><kwd>fuzzy method</kwd><kwd>energy transition</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метод принятия инвестиционных решений</kwd><kwd>нечеткий метод</kwd><kwd>энергетический переход</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Andrade, G.B., Andrade, L.B., Conde, E., Grecco, C., Krykhtine, F.L.P., &amp; Cosenza, C.A. (2023). A novel approach for complex and subjective variable valuation in the COPPE-Cosenza fuzzy model applied to crude oil trading. 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