<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экономика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2329</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8986</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">37315</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-4-830-847</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">RLQYJV</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Developed and developing countries economy</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономика развитых и развивающихся стран</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Luxury tax perspectives: The evidence of the Republic of Belarus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Перспективы внедрения налога на роскошь в Республике Беларусь</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7178-7563</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karaleu</surname><given-names>Yury Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Королев</surname><given-names>Юрий Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor in Economics Development Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат экономических наук, доцент по специальности «Экономика», директор по развитию</p></bio><email>yykorolev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tishkovskaya</surname><given-names>Polina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тишковская</surname><given-names>Полина Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">4th year student Majoring in Business Administration</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">студент IV курса специальности «Бизнес-администрирование»</bio><email>vskytop@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">School UN Global Compact in Belarus</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт Глобальный Договор ООН в Беларуси</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">School of Business of Belarusian State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт бизнеса БГУ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">EDUCATION. SCIENCE. DIGITALIZATION</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ. НАУКА. ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИЯ</issue-title><fpage>830</fpage><lpage>847</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-31"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Karaleu Y.Y., Tishkovskaya P.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Королев Ю.Ю., Тишковская П.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karaleu Y.Y., Tishkovskaya P.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Королев Ю.Ю., Тишковская П.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/37315">https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/37315</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The study is dedicated to the reasons for luxury tax implementation into the national taxation system. The purpose of the research is to study the emergence and experience of applying the luxury tax in various countries in order to determine the feasibility of introducing such a tax in the Republic of Belarus. Authors’ conclusions and findings have been presented against the background of the analysis of digitized texts on tax and bibliometric and scientometric analysis of the scientific field of taxation. As a testing ground for making our conclusions in terms of lessons learned from past historical experience and real economic background, the Republic of Belarus was chosen. Possible reasons for the introduction of such a tax were considered, as well as an analysis of the market for luxury goods in the Republic of Belarus and the demand for them was conducted. We have drawn some parallels between the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation to reach a reasonable conclusion. For this purpose, the Russian luxury goods market (premium car and real estate markets) was analyzed based on available statistics for the years 2020-2022. As the most politically controversial tax that can be not as efficient as income taxes and have unintended consequences, luxury tax was examined from the point of international experience and historical perspective. Examples of luxury goods throughout history and in real life together with historical references to the implementation of this tax were presented. The effectiveness of luxury tax and its impact that depends on a variety of factors (tax rate, types of goods and services being taxed, economic conditions, etc.) together with the modern concept of luxury tax with national specific was evaluated. Considering the situation in the Republic of Belarus, although during recent years there has been a budget deficit and there is a necessity to find new sources of state income, we didn’t find any reasons for the implementation of such a tax into the national taxation system. These types of taxes are mainly imposed in highly developed countries where people can afford “luxurious” goods and the variety of these goods is higher. In the case of the Republic of Belarus, there is a trend of decreasing the number of people whose purchasing power would allow them to buy luxury goods and the real disposable income of Belarusians has also declined, making it less likely that Belarusians will spend money on the consumption of luxury goods.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Иследование посвящено исследованию возможностей введения налога на роскошь в национальную систему налогообложения. Цель - изучить генезис и мировой опыт применения налога на роскошь в различных странах для определения целесообразности введения такого налога в Республике Беларусь. Заключения и выводы исследования представлены с учетом результатов анализа оцифрованных текстов по налогам и библиометрического и наукометрического анализа области налогообложения. В качестве полигона для наших выводов с точки зрения уроков, извлеченных из прошлого исторического опыта и реального экономического фона, была выбрана Республика Беларусь. Рассмотрены возможные причины введения такого налога, а также проведен анализ рынка предметов роскоши в Республике Беларусь и спроса на них. Для обоснования сделанных выводов были проведены некоторые параллели между Республикой Беларусь и Российской Федерацией, для чего проанализирован российский рынок предметов роскоши (рынки автомобилей премиум-класса и недвижимости) на основе доступных статистических данных за 2020-2022 гг. Как наиболее политически противоречивый налог, эффективность которого может быть ниже, чем подоходного налога, введение которого может иметь непредвиденные последствия, налог на роскошь был рассмотрен с точки зрения международного опыта и исторической перспективы. Приведены исторические примеры видов предметов роскоши и объекты обложения налогом на роскошь, существующие в настоящее время, а также исследована история возникновения налога на роскошь. Дана оценка эффективности налога на роскошь, зависящая от целого ряда факторов (ставки налога, видов облагаемых налогом товаров и услуг, экономических условий и т.д.), а также раскрыта современная концепция налога на роскошь с учетом национальной специфики. Учитывая ситуацию в Республике Беларусь, даже несмотря на необходимость поиска новых источников доходов в условиях устойчивого дефицита государственного бюджета, который в последние годы имела страна, в настоящее время отсутствует реальная необходимость введения налога на роскошь. Налоги, подобные налогу на роскошь, в основном взимаются в высокоразвитых странах, где граждане могут позволить себе предметы роскоши, и существует разнообразие таких товаров. В случае же с Республикой Беларусь наблюдается тенденция к уменьшению количества людей, чья покупательная способность позволяла бы им приобретать предметы роскоши. Реальные располагаемые доходы населения также снизились, что еще больше уменьшает вероятность того, что белорусы будут тратить деньги на потребление предметов роскоши.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tax</kwd><kwd>taxation</kwd><kwd>luxury tax</kwd><kwd>state budget</kwd><kwd>income</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>налог</kwd><kwd>налог на роскошь</kwd><kwd>государственный бюджет</kwd><kwd>доход</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Alm, J. (2021). Tax evasion, technology, and inequality. Economics of Governance, 22(4), 321-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-021-00247-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Amzuică, B.-F., Mititelu, R.-A., &amp; Nișulescu, I. (2023). Digitalization of Business - Implications on Tax Evasion Dimensions. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Excellence, 17(1), 1888-1896. https://doi.org/10.2478/picbe-2023-0166</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Argentiero, A., Casal, S., Mittone, L., &amp; Morreale, A. (2021). Tax evasion and inequality: some theoretical and empirical insights. Economics of Governance, 22(4), 309-320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-021-00261-y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Blaufus, K., Reineke, J., &amp; Trenn, I. (2023). Perceived tax audit aggressiveness, tax control frameworks and tax planning: an empirical analysis. Journal of Business Economics, 93(3), 509-557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-022-01116-6</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Çiftçi, T.E., &amp; Şahin, I.F.O. (2021). Chapter 17 Luxury Housing Tax in Terms of Taxation Principles. In Administrative and Economic Science Research, theory (pp. 319-330). Essay, Livre de Lyon.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Cheng, C.S. A., Guo, P., Weng, C.-H., &amp; Wu, Q. (2021). Innovation and Corporate Tax Planning: The Distinct Effects of Patents and R&amp;D. Contemporary Accounting Research, 38(1), 793-832. https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3846.12613</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Costa, D.F., Fonseca, B.M., Andrade, L.P. de, &amp; Moreira, B.С. de M. (2023). Bibliometric and scientometric analysis of the scientific field in taxation. SN Business &amp; Economics, 3(1), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-022-00409-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Di Gioacchino, D., &amp; Fichera, D. (2020). Tax evasion and tax morale: a social network analysis. European Journal of Political Economy, 65, 101922. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ejpoleco.2020.101922.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Gomes, A., Cunha, J., Francisco, J., &amp; Lara, F. (2023). A Theoretical Model to Discuss Tax Avoidance Based on Game Theory. Brazilian Business Review, 20(3), 281-300. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2023.20.3.3.en</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Helgadóttir, O. (2020). The new luxury Freeports: Offshore storage, tax avoidance, and ‘invisible’ art. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 55(4), 1020-1040. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518x20972712</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Kasim, E.S. (2020). Influence of sales tax on luxury goods increase on consumer spending of Motor Vehicles. Proceedings of the International Conference on Business and Management Research (ICBMR 2020). https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.201222.014</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Kim, H. (2022). Is luxury tax justifiable? Economics &amp; Philosophy, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S026626712200030X</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Lokanan, M (2023). The morality and tax avoidance: A sentiment and position taking analysis. PLoS ONE 18 (7): e0287327. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287327 Editor: Rana Muhammad Ammar Zahid, Y.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Lu, C.-H. (2012). Tax Luxury or Necessity. Economics Bulletin, 32(1), 952-959.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Mączyński, D. (2018). The BEPS Influence on Tax Information Exchange. Studia Iuridica Lublinensia, 27(2), 127-138. https://doi.org/10.17951/sil.2018.27.2.127</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Madsen, D.Ø., &amp; Slåtten, K. (2022). The Possibilities and Limitations of Using Google Books Ngram Viewer in Research on Management Fashions. Societies, 12, 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ soc12060171.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Mawe, T., &amp; Bufacchi, V. (2015). The Global Luxuries Tax. Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 203-217. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13458-1_13</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Ng, Y.-K. (2022a). 10.3 Important Factors at the Social Level. In Happiness--concept, measurement and promotion (1st ed., pp. 105-109). Essay, Springer Singapore.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Ng, Y.-K. (2022b). 15.1 Economists Overestimate the Costs of Public Spending. In Happiness-concept, measurement and promotion (1st ed., pp. 154-157). Essay, Springer Singapore.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Noonan, C., &amp; Plekhanova, V. (2023). Mandatory Binding Dispute Resolution in the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Two Pillar Solution. International &amp; Comparative, Law Quarterly, 72(2), 437-476. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020589323000118</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Smith, A. (2002). The Wealth of Nations. Oxford, England: Bibliomania.com Ltd. (Web.).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Tartono, C.L., Hidayat, A.A., &amp; Haryono, L. (2021). The Effect of Tax Planning and Temporary Difference to Earnings Management. Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation, 6(2), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.30871/jaat.v6i2.3290</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Thomas, T. (2008). Questionable luxury taxes: Status seeking and conspicuous consumption in the history of economic thought. ORDO, 59(1), 91-114. https://doi.org/10.1515/ordo-20080108</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Yossinomita, Y. (2022). Tax policy in limiting the consumption of luxury goods. Review of Economics and Finance, 20, 165-171. https://doi.org/10.55365/1923.x2022.20.19</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Yunira, H., Susilawaty, T.E., Kesuma, S.A., &amp; Muda, I. (2023). A Systematic Literature Review on Corporate Tax Planning. International Journal of Social Service and Research, 3(7), 1821-1827. https://doi.org/10.46799/ijssr.v3i7.490</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Zelmenis, J. (2022). Definition of Tax Planning in the Case Law of the Court of Justice of the EU (ECJ). Electronic Scientific Journal of Law Socrates, 2(23), 132-144. https://doi.org/10.25143/ socr.23.2022.2.132-144</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
