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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экономика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2329</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8986</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">35285</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-350-369</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">AZJWFB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INNOVATIONS IN THE MODERN ECONOMY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИННОВАЦИИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Assessing the impact of technological sanctions on computer equipment imports</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка воздействия технологических санкций на импорт вычислительной техники</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0385-3530</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>Vladimir N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Military Science), Head of the Department of Business Informatics, North-West Institute of Management</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор военных наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой бизнес-информатики</p></bio><email>naumov-vn@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8233-5212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhiryaeva</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жиряева</surname><given-names>Елена Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Econ.), Professor of the Department of Economics, NorthWest Institute of Management</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, профессор кафедры экономики</p></bio><email>Zhiryaeva-ev@ranepa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-West Institute of Management, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный институт управления Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:  GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP IN A NEW ENVIRONMENT</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ПРОБЛЕМЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ:  ГЛОБАЛЬНОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО В НОВЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ</issue-title><fpage>350</fpage><lpage>369</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-07"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Naumov V.N., Zhiryaeva E.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Наумов В.Н., Жиряева Е.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Naumov V.N., Zhiryaeva E.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Наумов В.Н., Жиряева Е.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/35285">https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/35285</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The purpose of the study is to assess the risks of economic modernization caused by technological sanctions. Hypothesis: the imposed sanctions had little effect on actual imports of computer hardware components to Russia. Since the sanctions under consideration have been tightened since 2014, it was assumed that there were no fundamental changes in the structure and volume of imports. Analysis of the US export control system showed that there are four reasons for controlling the export to the Russian Federation of a number of computers and their components. For export to the Russian Federation and Belarus all applications for licenses are considered with a presumption of denial. The embargo policy provides for the restriction of exports to Russia of goods of headings 8541 (semiconductor devices) and 8542 (electronic integrated circuits). Enterprises that are considered military end users are restricted from exporting to them chips with high processing speed. The embargo covers quantum computers that are believed not to be manufactured in Russia. The dominant subheadings in the import structure are 8542 31 (microprocessors) and 8542 39 (other integrated circuits). Clusters of exporting countries have been constructed using the methods of principal components and multidimensional scaling. It is established that the main ones are China, Taiwan, Vietnam and Malaysia. Next, an analysis of the dynamics of imports was performed to test the hypothesis. Graphical, quantitative methods of the theory of time series, methods of mathematical statistics and regression analysis are used. For countries without export controls the increase in imports to Russia over 15 years, both in terms of processors (160 %) and integrated circuits (224 %), was an order of magnitude greater than for countries with export controls. As the share of imports from countries without export controls increases, the significance of sanctions decreases, which confirms the formulated hypothesis. At the same time, the “foreign direct product” rule, which allows the US to control exports from Taiwan, could negatively affect this dynamic.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Цель исследования - оценить риски модернизации экономики, вызванные технологическими санкциями. Гипотеза: введенные санкции незначимо повлияли на реальные поставки в Россию компонентов вычислительной техники. Поскольку рассматриваемые санкции ужесточались с 2014 г., было принято допущение, что не произошло кардинальных изменений в структуре и объеме импортных поставок. Анализ системы экспортного контроля США показал, что имеется четыре причины контроля экспорта в Российскую Федерацию ряда компьютеров и их компонентов. Для экспорта в Российскую Федерацию и Беларусь все заявки на лицензии рассматриваются с презумпцией отказа. Политика эмбарго предусматривает ограничение экспорта в Россию товаров товарных позиций 8541 (полупроводниковые приборы), 8542 (схемы электронные интегральные). В адрес предприятий, которые считаются конечными военными пользователями, ограничен экспорт микросхем с высокой скоростью обработки. Под эмбарго попадают квантовые компьютеры, которые, как полагают, не производятся в России. Доминирующими субпозициями в структуре импорта являются 8542 31 (микропроцессоры) и 8542 39 (интегральные схемы прочие). Методами главных компонент и многомерного шкалирования построены кластеры стран-экспортеров. Установлено, что основными из них являются Китай, Тайвань, Вьетнам и Малайзия. Далее выполнялся анализ динамики импорта для проверки гипотезы. Использованы графические, количественные методы теории временных рядов, методы математической статистики и регрессионного анализа. Для стран без экспортного контроля прирост импорта в Россию за 15 лет как по процессорам (160 %), так и по интегральным микросхемам (224 %) был на порядок больше, чем для стран с экспортным контролем. Поскольку доля импорта из стран без экспортного контроля растет, значимость санкций уменьшается, что подтверждает сформулированную гипотезу. В то же время правило «прямого иностранного продукта», позволяющее США контролировать экспорт из Тайваня, может отрицательно повлиять на эту динамику.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microprocessors</kwd><kwd>integrated circuits</kwd><kwd>computer technology</kwd><kwd>technological sanctions</kwd><kwd>export control</kwd><kwd>export</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микропроцессоры</kwd><kwd>интегральные схемы</kwd><kwd>вычислительная техника</kwd><kwd>технологические санкции</kwd><kwd>экспортный контроль</kwd><kwd>экспорт</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was written as part of the initiative research work “The country’s foreign economic policy under sanctions” No. 122112800085–8 EGISU R&amp;D.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья написана в рамках инициативной НИР «Внешнеэкономическая политика страны в условиях санкций» № 122112800085–8 ЕГИСУ НИОКР.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afesorgbor, S.K. 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