<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экономика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2329</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8986</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">35284</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2329-2023-31-2-330-349</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">AEORPI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INNOVATIONS IN THE MODERN ECONOMY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИННОВАЦИИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Assessment of the effectiveness of budget financing of innovative Russian universities</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка эффективности бюджетного финансирования инновационных российских университетов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6792-2101</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovelsky</surname><given-names>Viktor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковельский</surname><given-names>Виктор Владиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Management and Organization of Production</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры математических методов в экономике</p></bio><email>kovelskiy.vv@ssau.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-6590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rostova</surname><given-names>Elena P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ростова</surname><given-names>Елена Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Mathematical Methods in Economics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор экономических наук, доцент, профессор кафедры математических методов в экономике</p></bio><email>rostova.ep@ssau.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara National Research University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский национальный исследовательский университет имени академика С.П. Королева</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-06-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>31</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">CHALLENGES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:  GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP IN A NEW ENVIRONMENT</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ПРОБЛЕМЫ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ:  ГЛОБАЛЬНОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО В НОВЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ</issue-title><fpage>330</fpage><lpage>349</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-07-07"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Kovelsky V.V., Rostova E.P.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Ковельский В.В., Ростова Е.П.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovelsky V.V., Rostova E.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ковельский В.В., Ростова Е.П.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/35284">https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/35284</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p style="text-align: justify;">The research is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of public funding of innovative universities of the Russian Federation that participated in the 5-100 project and have the status of national research universities. Analysis of the spending of taxpayers’ money has always been one of the important elements of federal accounting and control of any state. The 5-100 project itself was an important milestone in the development of Russian universities and in increasing their competitiveness in the international market. Of course, like any significant project with significant funding, “5-100” in all the years of its existence caused a variety of emotions, from complete delight to complete rejection. One of the elements of negative rhetoric was the investment of federal funds for the development of the scientific research of universities. However, during numerous inspections, no significant violations were identified, and the results of the project were found to be satisfactory. At the same time, the authors of this article were interested in exploring the deeper layers of the 5-100 project the relationship between the territorial components and a number of important indicators, such as, for example, publication activity, income from scientific research and a number of others. Based on the analysis of statistical data, the heterogeneity of the ratio of R&amp;D results and the volume of budget financing of universities was revealed, and the influence of the territorial factor on the studied indicators was shown. Based on the analysis of eight indicators characterizing the publication activity of university employees and the volume of R&amp;D funding, the universities considered in the study are divided into three clusters without considering the territorial feature. The analysis made it possible, among other things, to identify the uneven distribution of budgetary funding for R&amp;D. The authors explain this effect by the territorial features of universities, when regional universities receive less funding compared to universities in the Central Federal District and the North-West Federal District. At the same time, not all universities of the Central Federal District and the North-West Federal District are distinguished by a high number of publications in domestic and foreign information and analytical systems of scientific citation. Yet, even with the distribution of funds, which could be more efficient, the significance of the 5-100 project for the development of the higher education system is still great and the current most important projects of the Ministry of Education and Science, such as Priority 2030, continue the best that was in project “5-100”.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p style="text-align: justify;">Исследована эффективность государственного финансирования инновационных университетов РФ, участвовавших в проекте «5-100» и имеющих статус национальных исследовательских университетов. Анализ расходования денег налогоплательщиков во все времена являлся одним из важных элементов федерального учета и контроля любого государства. Сам проект «5-100» явился важной вехой в развитии университетов России и повышения их конкурентоспособности на международном рынке. Конечно же, как и любой значимый проект со значительным финансированием, «5-100» во все годы своего существования вызывал самые различные эмоции, от полного восторга до полного неприятия. Одним из элементов негативной риторики было вложение федеральных средств для развития научной составляющей университетов. Однако в ходе многочисленных проверок значимых нарушений выявлено не было и результаты проекта были признаны удовлетворительными. Вместе с тем авторам было интересно исследовать более глубокие пласты проекта «5-100», в частности связь между территориальными составляющими и рядом важнейших показателей, таких как, например, публикационная активность, доход от научных исследований и других. На основе анализа статистических данных выявлена неоднородность соотношения результатов НИОКР и объемов бюджетного финансирования вузов, показано влияние территориального фактора на исследуемые показатели. Рассматриваемые в исследовании вузы на основании анализа восьми показателей, характеризующих публикационную активность сотрудников вузов и объемы финансирования НИОКР, разделены на три кластера без учета территориального признака. Проведенный анализ позволил в том числе выявить неравномерное распределение бюджетного финансирования НИР. Авторы объясняют данный эффект территориальными особенностями вузов, когда региональные вузы получают меньшее финансирование по сравнению с вузами ЦФО и С-ЗФО. При этом не все вузы ЦФО и С-ЗФО отличаются высоким количеством публикаций в отечественных и зарубежных информационно-аналитических системах научного цитирования. Вместе с тем даже при распределении средств, которое могло бы быть более эффективным, значимость проекта «5-100» для развития системы высшего образования все же велика и текущие важнейшие проекты Минобрнауки, такие как «Приоритет - 2030», продолжают лучшее, что было в проекте «5-100».</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>innovative universities</kwd><kwd>“5-100” project</kwd><kwd>national research universities</kwd><kwd>publication activity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инновационные университеты</kwd><kwd>проект «5-100»</kwd><kwd>национальные исследовательские университеты</kwd><kwd>публикационная активность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdullah, M.A., &amp; Rusdarti, R. (2017). The Impact of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Journal of Economic Education, 6(1), 11–18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артемьева А.А., Артемьева Р.А., Руденко Н.В. Анализ реализации проекта 5-100 // Сфера знаний в вопросах культуры, науки и образования: сборник научных трудов. Казань, 2018. С. 149-153.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artem’eva, A.A., Artem’eva, R.A. &amp; Rudenko, N.V. (2018). Analysis of the implementation of the project 5–100. In Sphere of knowledge in matters of culture, science and education. Сollection of scientific papers. Kazan. ( pp. 149–153). (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Банных Г.А., Костина С.Н. Реализация кластерной политики с участием университетов как фактора развития территории // Российские регионы в фокусе перемен: сборник докладов XIII Международной конференции. 2019. С. 25-33.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bannykh, G.A. &amp; Kostina, S.N. (2019). Implementation of cluster policy with the participation of universities as a factor in the development of the territory. Russian regions in the focus of change. Collection of reports of the XIII International Conference, 25–33. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гордашникова О.Ю. Результаты кластерного анализа факторов, оказывающих влияние на конкурентоспособность вуза // Экономическая безопасность и управление инновациями: сборник трудов Международной научно-практической конференции. 2018. С. 182-185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buyse, T., Heylen, F., &amp; Schoonackers, R. (2020). On the impact of public policies and wage formation on business investment in research and development. Economic Modelling, 88, 188–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.09.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гришакина Е.Г. Проект 5-100: итоги реализации, вклад в развитие системы высшего образования и науки / Гришакина Е.Г., Тростянская И.Б., Смирнова А.В., Паркачева В.Л., Полихина Н.А., Филиппов Б.Ю.М.; Федеральное государственное автономное научное учреждение «Центр социологических исследований». М., 2021. С. 136.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coccia, M. (2018). What is the optimal rate of R&amp;D investment to maximize productivity Growth? Technological Forecasting &amp; Social Change, (76), 433–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2008.02.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Котова Н.А. Инновационно-образовательная среда вуза: анализ сущности и структурных компонентов // Вестник Тамбовского университета. Серия: гуманитарные науки, 2020. Т. 25, № 184. С. 15-24. https://doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-184-15-24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordashnikova, O.Yu. (2018). Results of cluster analysis of factors influencing the competitiveness of the university. Economic security and innovation management. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, 182–185. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пушных В.А., Гулиус Н.С., Яткина Е.Ю. Влияние корпоративной культуры на результаты деятельности университетов в проекте «5-100» // Высшее образование в России. 2021. Т. 30, № 7. С. 31-39. https://doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-7-31-39</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grishakina, E.G. (2021). Project 5–100: results of implementation, contribution to the development of the system of higher education and science / Grishakina E.G., Trostyanskaya I.B., Smirnova A.V., Parkacheva V.L., Polikhina N.A., Filippov B.Yu. Moscow: Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution “Center for Sociological Research”. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сурова Н.Ю. Возможности федерального проекта «Кадры для цифровой экономики» для подготовки кадров нового поколения // Вестник Академии. 2022. № 3. С. 59-64</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Győrffy, B., Nagy., A.M., &amp; Herman, P. (2018). Factors influencing the scientific performance of Momentum grant holders: an evaluation of the first 117 research groups. Scientometrics, (117), 409–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2852-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сурова Н.Ю. Интегрированное образование как основа кластерного подхода для цифровой трансформации социально-экономической системы России // Вестник академии, 2019. № 1. С. 50-55</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilina, I., Zharova, E., Borodin, A., &amp; Burlankov, S. (2016). Assessing the effectiveness of public investment in research and development by federal executive bodies in Russia. Olsztyn Economic Journal, 11(4), 399–410.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харченко В.Н. Запросы на изменения компетенций выпускника вуза // Актуальные проблемы развития транспортных коммуникаций (Авиатранс-2017): материалы Международной научно-практической конференции. 2017а. С. 90-98</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ketikidis, P., &amp; Solomon, A. (2018). Co-Producing Knowledge, Innovation and Growth Through University-Industry Collaboration-Lessons from Experience. Industry and Higher Education, 32(4), 211–212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422218786772</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харченко В.Н. Инновационная активность и инновационный потенциал частного вуза // Проблемы взаимодействия гражданского общества, государства и бизнеса. Сборник научных статей по материалам IX Международного научно-практического форума. 2017b. С. 191-197.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharchenko, V.N. (2017). Innovative activity and innovative potential of a private university. In Problems of interaction between civil society, government and business. Collection of scientific articles based on materials of the IX International Scientific and Practical Forum, 191–197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Харченко В.Н. Методология развития конкурентных кластеров в сфере образования // Современная конкуренция. 2018. Т. 12, № 2-3 (68-69). С. 126-131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharchenko, V.N. (2017). Requests for changes in the competencies of a university graduate. Actual problems of the development of transport communications (Aviatrans-2017). Materials of the International scientific-practical conference, 90–98. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdullah M.A., &amp; Rusdarti R. The Impact of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore // Journal of Economic Education. 2017. Vol. 6, no. 1, P. 11-18.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kharchenko, V.N. (2018). Methodology for the development of competitive clusters in the field of education. Modern competition, 12(2), 126–131. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buyse T., Heylen F., &amp; Schoonackers R. On the impact of public policies and wage formation on business investment in research and development // EconomicModelling. 2020. No. 88. P. 188-199.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.09.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kosyakov, D., &amp; Gusko, A. (2019). Research assessment and evaluation in Russian fundamental science. Procedia Computer Science, (146), 11–19.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coccia M. What is the optimal rate of R&amp;D investment to maximize productivity Growth? Technological Forecasting &amp; Social Change. 2018. No. 76. P. 433-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2008.02.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotova, N.A. (2020). Innovative and educational environment of the university: analysis of the essence and structural components. Bulletin of the Tambov University. Series: Humanities, 25(184), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-184-15-24 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Győrffy B., Nagy A.M., Herman P. et al. Factors influencing the scientific performance of Momentum grant holders: an evaluation of the first 117 research groups // Scientometrics. 2018. No. 117, P. 409-426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2852-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mikhaylov, A.S., &amp; Peker, I.Yu. (2019). Spatial distribution of the intellectual capital of Russia. Higher Education in Russia, 28(6), 28–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ilina I., Zharova E., Borodin A., &amp; Burlankov S. Assessing the effectiveness of public investment in research and development by federal executive bodies in Russia // Olsztyn Economic Journal. 2016. Vol. 11, no. 4. P. 399-410.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2016). Optimizing the Nation’s Investment in Academic Research: A New Regulatory Framework for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/21824. https://doi.org/10.17226/21824</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ketikidis P., Solomon A. Special Issue: Co-Producing Knowledge, Innovation and Growth Through University-Industry Collaboration - Lessons from Experience // Industry and Higher Education. 2018. Vol. 32. no. 4. P. 211-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950422218786772</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nekrep, A., Strašek, S., &amp; Boršič, D. (2018). Productivity and Economic Growth in the European Union: Impact of Investment in Research and Development. Našegospodarstvo (Our economy), 64(1), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.2478/ngoe-2018-0003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kosyakov D., Gusko A. Research assessment and evaluation in Russian fundamental science // Procedia Computer Science. 2019. No. 146. P. 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. procs.2019.01.072</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pisár, P., Šipikal, M., Jahoda, R., &amp; Špaček, D. (2018). Performance Based Funding of Universities: Czech Republic and Slovakia. Performance-Based Budgeting in the Public Sector, 237–254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mikhaylov A.S., Peker I.Yu. Spatial distribution of the intellectual capital of Russia // Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii. 2019. Vol. 28, no. 6, P. 28-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pisár, P., &amp; Varga, M. (2018). Public Support for Higher Education Institutions from EU Structural Funds and its Evaluation: Case Study of Slovakia. NISPAcee. Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 11(2), 103–127. https://doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2018-0015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Optimizing the Nation’s Investment in Academic Research: A New Regulatory Framework for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/21824.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pushnykh, V.A., Gulius, N.S. &amp; Yatkina, E.Yu. (2021). Influence of corporate culture on the performance of universities in the project “5–100”. Higher education in Russia, 30(7), 31–39. https://doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2021-30-7-31-39 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nekrep A., Strašek S., Boršič D. Productivity and Economic Growth in the European Union: Impact of Investment in Research and Development, Našegospodarstvo // Our economy. 2018. Vol. 64, no. 1. P. 18-27. https://doi.org/10.2478/ngoe-2018-0003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Surova, N.Yu. (2019). Integrated education as the basis of a cluster approach for the digital transformation of the socio-economic system of Russia. Bulletin of the Academy, (1), 50–55. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pisár P., Šipikal M., Jahoda R., Špaček D. Performance Based Funding of Universities: Czech Republic and Slovakia. Performance-Based Budgeting in the Public Sector. 2018a. Pp 237-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02077-4_13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Surova, N.Yu. (2022) Possibilities of the federal project “Personnel for the Digital Economy” for the training of a new generation. Bulletin of the Academy, (3), 59–64. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pisár P., Varga M. Public Support for Higher Education Institutions from EU Structural Funds and its Evaluation: Case Study of Slovakia, NISPAcee // Journal of Public Administration and Policy. 2018b. Vol. 11, no. 2, P. 103-127. https://doi.org/10.2478/nispa-2018-0015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, E.C. (2010). Determinants of R&amp;D investment: The Extreme-Bounds-Analysis approach applied to 26 OECD countries. Research Policy, 39(1), 103–116 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.11.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Eric C. Determinants of R&amp;D investment: The Extreme-Bounds-Analysis approach applied to 26 OECD countries // Research Policy. 2010. Vol. 39. Issue 1, February 2010. P. 103-116 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.11.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang, E.C. (2007). R&amp;D efficiency and economic performance: A cross-country analysis using the stochastic frontier approach. Journal of Policy Modeling, 29(2), 345–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.12.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Eric C. R&amp;D efficiency and economic performance: A cross-country analysis using the stochastic frontier approach // Journal of Policy Modeling. 2007. Vol. 29. Issue 2, March-April 2007. P. 345-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2006.12.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
