<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Economics</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экономика</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2329</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8986</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">23118</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2329-2019-27-3-551-562</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Industrial organization markets</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экономика отраслевых рынков</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Overview of iron and steel industry in China in the 20th and 21st centuries: what are the main steps of its development?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обзор металлургической промышленности Китая в XX и XXI вв.: этапы становления и развития</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Groysburt</surname><given-names>Vlada S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гройсбурт</surname><given-names>Влада Станиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>graduate of MA programme “Socioeconomic and Political Development of Modern Asia”, Faculty of World Economy and International Affairs</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>магистр востоковедения, Школа востоковедения</p></bio><email>vlada-95@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslov</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маслов</surname><given-names>Алексей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. in World History, Professor in History, Head of School of Asian Studies</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор исторических наук, профессор, руководитель Школы востоковедения</p></bio><email>amaslov@hse.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Research University “Higher School of Economics”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO3 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №3 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>551</fpage><lpage>562</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-03-06"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Groysburt V.S., Maslov A.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Гройсбурт В.С., Маслов А.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Groysburt V.S., Maslov A.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гройсбурт В.С., Маслов А.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/23118">https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/23118</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Speaking about the XX century after the establishment of People's Republic of China in 1949 the leading trade partner of the country was Soviet Union and after the crisis in Chinese-Soviet relations in the 1960s there has been a shift towards the trade within Asian region, which once again shows that China has always been an active player on the international market because of its productions' power. The way China interacts with other regions and particular countries is an exciting topic for international relations scientists because it reflects the state of affairs of China at every step of its development. For more than 50 years, the Russian metallurgical industry has been building its relationships with China as one of the leading partners. So because Russia has passed through a stage of stagnation after the collapse of the USSR and the period of finding a new balance due to reduced domestic Russian demand, it was crucial to continue developing relations with the closest neighbors and try to catch up. However, why is international trade developing so fast? This happened as a result of the growing purchasing power of the Chinese population; domestic manufacturers are increasing their operations within the domestic market, which is making the country known for being the manufacturer of the world, in its factory. Ferrous metallurgy is used in engineering, construction, and automotive, that is, in critical sectors of the economy. Therefore, scientists and analysts pay great attention to the steel industry and its research. In order to understand the modern state of affairs in the iron and steel industry in China, authors provide an overview of the industry itself using various sources of data, such as historical review and collection of quantitative data, estimate its development to understand its weak and sharp points for the business development.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В 1949 г. основным торговым партнером Китая был Советский Союз, но после кризиса в китайско-советских отношениях в 1960-х гг. произошел сдвиг в сторону торговли в азиатском регионе - еще одно свидетельство того, что Китай всегда был сильным игроком на международном рынке благодаря мощному производству. То, как Китай взаимодействует с другими регионами и отдельными странами, является интересной темой для ученых по международным отношениям, поскольку отражает положение дел в Китае на каждом этапе его развития. Уже более 50 лет российская металлургическая отрасль строит отношения с Китаем как с одним из основных партнеров. Поскольку после распада СССР Россия пережила стадию стагнации и период нахождения нового баланса из-за сокращения внутреннего спроса, было крайне важно продолжать развивать отношения с ближайшими соседями и пытаться наверстать упущенное. Но почему международная торговля развивается так быстро? Это происходит в результате растущей покупательской способности населения Китая, отечественные производители наращивают свою деятельность на внутреннем рынке, что делает страну известной в качестве мирового производителя на своем собственном заводе. Черная металлургия используется в машиностроении, строительстве и автомобилестроении, то есть в ключевых отраслях экономики. Поэтому ученые и аналитики уделяют большое внимание металлургии и ее исследованиям. С целью понять современное состояние черной металлургии в Китае, авторы дают обзор самой отрасли, используя различные источники данных, такие как исторический обзор и сбор количественных данных, оценивают ее развитие, рассматривают ее слабые и сильных сторон для развития бизнеса.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>China</kwd><kwd>ferrous metallurgy</kwd><kwd>environmental laws</kwd><kwd>industrial development</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Китай</kwd><kwd>черная металлургия</kwd><kwd>экологические законы</kwd><kwd>промышленное развитие</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>BP Global. (2018). BP’s Statistical Review of World Energy. https://www.bp.com/content/ dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2018-fullreport.pdf (accessed: 10.08.2019).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>China Federation of Logistics and Purchasing. http://www.chinawuliu.com.cn/ (accessed: 10.08.2019).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>China Iron and Steel Industry Association. (2018). Annual statistical bulletin. http://english. chinaisa.org.cn/do/index.jsp (accessed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Chinese steel production to slow sharply in 2018. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/ content/7dfb918e-f087-11e7-b220-857e26d1aca4 (accessed: 10.08.2019).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Congressional Research Service. China’s Steel Industry and Its Impact on the United States: Issues for Congress. https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41421.pdf</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Dua Z., Lin B. (2018). Analysis of carbon emissions reduction of China's metallurgical industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, (176), 1177-1184. doi: 10.3390/su11010226 (acces- sed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Economics Committee World Steel Association. (2017). Steel Statistical Yearbook 1994. https:// www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:3e275c73-6f11-4e7f-a5d8-23d9bc5c508f/Steel+Statistical+ Yearbook+2017.pdf (accessed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Economics Committee World Steel Association. (2017). Steel Statistical Yearbook 2018. https:// www.worldsteel.org/en/dam/jcr:3e275c73-6f11-4e7f-a5d8-23d9bc5c508f/Steel+Statistical+ Yearbook+2017.pdf (accessed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Ferriola J. Steel success strategies keynote presentation. Fastmarkets AMM. https://www.amm.com/ events/amm-steel-success-strategies/presentations.html (accessed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Gao Y., Hu A. (2009). A comparative study of the development mode of China's iron and steel industry. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 7(3), 283-297. doi: 10.1080/ 14765280903073090</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>General Administration of Customs of People’s Republic of China. http://english.customs. gov.cn (accessed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Global Information, Inc. (2017). China Iron and Steel Industry Monthly Report. https:// www.giiresearch.com/report/cccm421245-china-iron-steel-industry-monthly-report.html (accessed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Jiang Jinhe, Wu Bin. (2010). Current situations on low carbon economy models and discussion on several relevant theoretical issues. Resources science, 32(2), 242-247</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Lin B., Wang X. (2015). Carbon emissions from energy-intensive industry in China: Evidence from the iron &amp; steel industry. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, (4), 746-754. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.03.056</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Liu H. (2013). Analysis and suggestions on the lower profitability of China’s steel industry. China Steel, (10), 11-18</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Lu Zhongwu, Cai Jiuju, Yu Qingbo, Xie Anguo. (2000). The influences of materials flows in steel manufacturing process on its energy intensity. Acta Metall Sin, 36(4), 370-378</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Song L. et al. (2016). China's New Sources of Economic Growth. Vol. 1. ANU Press</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>The National Bureau of Statistics of the Government of China. http://www.stats.gov.cn (accessed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>The State Council of the People's Republic of China. Analysis: To revitalize the steel industry, China must increase the industry concentration rate. http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2009- 03/21/content_1264930.htm (accessed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>The State Council of the People's Republic of China. (2016). Full transcript of the State Council policy briefing on August 19. http://english.gov.cn/news/policy_briefings/2016/08/19/ content_281475421118308.htm (accessed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>World Steel Association. (2018). World Steel Short Range Outlook 2018/2019. https:// www.worldsteel.org/media-centre/press-releases/2018/worldsteel-Short-Range-Outlook2018-2019.html (accessed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>World Steel Association. (2018). Annual statistical bulletin. https://www.worldsteel.org/ (accessed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>World Steel Association. Sustainable Steel - Indicators 2018 and industry initiatives. https:// www.worldsteel.org/media-centre/press-releases/2018/Sustainable-steel---indicators-2018- and-industry-initiatives.html (accessed: 10.08.2019)</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Wu J. (2009). The Recent Developments of the Steel Industry in China. Document No. DSTI/SU/SC(2009)15</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Yin Ruiyu. (2003). Steel works model and industrial ecological chain - future development mode of iron and steel industry. China Metallurgy, 12, 18-25</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
