RUDN Journal of EconomicsRUDN Journal of EconomicsВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экономика2313-23292408-8986Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)1716610.22363/2313-2329-2017-25-2-263-274ARTICLESСтатьиResearch ArticleIMMIGRANT LABOUR IN BRAZIL (2007-2015): THE LEGAL AND THE UNDOCUMENTED CIRCUITSТРУД ИММИГРАНТОВ В БРАЗИЛИИ (2007-2015): ЗАКОННЫЕ И НЕЗАКОННЫЕ СХЕМЫVillenPВилленПPatricia Villen, Professor, Social Science Institute of Federal University of Uberl ndia (Ufu - Brazil) and researcher, University of Campinas (Unicamp - Brazil).П. Виллен, профессор, Институт социальных наук Федерального университета Уберландии; исследователь, Университет Кампинас.villenpatricia@gmail.comUniversity of Campinas (Unicamp - Brazil)Университет Кампинаса15122017252VOL 25, NO2 (2017)ТОМ 25, №2 (2017)26327424102017Copyright ©; 2017, Villen P.Copyright ©; 2017, Виллен П.2017Villen P.Виллен П.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/economics/article/view/17166This paper analyzes labor immigration to Brazil in a historical and modern aspect. The historical features of immigration processes are established, as well as the evolution of the state immigration policy in Brazil. It is established that the era of slavery played an important role in the formation of the Brazilian labor market. The importation of slaves from Africa continued even after independence was declared in 1822. The transition from slave labor to the wage labor occurred in the second half of the twentieth century. Subsequently, Brazil’s immigration policy was based on a quota system to protect the domestic labor market and reduce unemployment among the local population. At the present stage, the policy of protecting the domestic labor market of Brazil is still conducted, on the basis of a selective approach. As a basic mechanism of regulation are working visas. It is revealed that as globalization processes develop, Brazil faces new challenges, including mass flows of undocumented immigrants from the less developed countries of Latin America. The impact of the global economic crisis on migration in Brazil has been revealed.Статья анализирует трудовую иммиграцию в Бразилию в историческом и современном аспекте. Установлены исторические особенности иммиграционных процессов, а также представлена эволюция государственной иммиграционной политики в Бразилии. Установлено, что на формирование рынка труда Бразилии большое значение оказала эпоха рабовладения. Ввоз рабов из Африки продолжался и после объявления независимости в 1822 году. Переход от рабского труда к наемному произошел во второй половине двадцатого столетия. В дальнейшем, иммиграционная политика Бразилии основывалась на системе квот, в целях защиты внутреннего рынка труда и снижения безработицы среди местного населения. На современном этапе, политика защиты внутреннего рынка труда Бразилии по-прежнему проводится на основе селективного подхода. В качестве основного механизма регулирования выступают рабочие визы. Выявлено, что по мере развития процессов глобализации, Бразилия сталкивается с новыми проблемами, среди которых массовые потоки недокументированных иммигрантов из менее развитых стран Латинской Америки. Выявлено влияние мирового экономического кризиса на миграционные процессы в Бразилии.immigrant labourBrazilundocumented circuitsтруд иммигрантовБразилиянезаконные схемы1.Antunes R. (Org.) (2014). Riqueza e miséria do trabalho no Brasil II, São Paulo: Boitempo.2.Baeninger R. (Org.) (2013). Altas Temático: Observatório das Migrações em São Paulo. Campinas: NEPO/UNICAMP.3.Estrangeiros autorizados a trabalhar no Brasil. In: CENTRO DE GESTÃO E ESTUDOS ESTRATÉGICOS, Doutores 2010: Estudos da demografia da base técnico-científica brasileira. Brasília: CGEE, 2010.4.Bassanezi M.S.C.B. (1995). Imigrações internacionais no Brasil: um panorama histórico. In: Patarra N. (Org.). Emigração e Imigração Internacionais no Brasil Contemporâneo. São Paulo: FNUP5.Basso P. (2011). L’ascesa del razzismo nella crisi globale. In: BASSO, Pietro (Org.). Razzismo di stato: Stati Uniti, Europa, Italia. Milano: FrancoAngeli.6.Campani G. (2011). Les femmes immigrées dans une société bloquée: parcours individuels et organisations collectives en Italie. Cahiers du Genre. No. 51. P. 49-67.7.Carneiro M.T.C. et. al. (Org.) (2010). História do Trabalho e Histórias da Imigração. 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London: Zed Books, 1990.21.Preston V., D’Addario S. Recent Migrants in the Canadian Labour Market: Exploring the Impacts of Gender and Racialisation. In: Mackay S. (Org.) Refugees, Recent Migrants and Employment: Challenging Barriers and Exploring Pathways. New York&London: Routeledge, 2008.22.Roulleau-Berger L. Migrer au féminin. Paris: PUF, 2010.23.Sassen S. Brutality and Complexity in the Global Economy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard, 2014.24.Dos enclaves en las geografías globales contemporáneas del trabajo. In: Aragonés A.M. (Org.). Mercados de Trabajo y migración internacional. México, D.F.: UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas, 2011.25.Sayad A. La double absence: des ilusions de l’émigré aux souffrances de l’immigré. Paris: Seul, 1999.26.Schierup C.-U. ‘Bloody Subcontracting’ in the Network Society: Migration and Post-Fordist Restructuring across European Union. In: Berggren E.; Likic-brboric B.; Toksoz G.; Trimikliniotis N. Irregular Migration, Informal Labour and Community: A Challenge for Europe. Maastricht: Sharker, 2007.27.Silva C.F. Trabalho informal e redes de subcontratação: dinâmicas urbanas da indústria de confecções em São Paulo, Dissertação (Mestrado), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2008.28.Villen P. O estigma da ameaça ao emprego pelos ‘periféricos na periferia’: crise e imigração no Brasil, Rua. 2015. V. II. P. 247-26429.Imigração na modernização dependente: “braços civilizatórios e a atual configuração polarizada”. Tese de Doutorado - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2015.30.A nova configuração da imigração no Brasil sob a ótica do trabalho. In: Antunes R. (Org.). Riqueza e miséria do trabalho no Brasil III, São Paulo: Boitempo, 2014.31.Zanin V. I forzati del mare. Roma: Carocci, 2007.32.Many countries have used this Asian forced labour system during this period, despite of the restrictive policies - based on racist arguments - forbidding it. Brazil is an example.33.The analyse of this polarized configuration in Brazil is not based on the immigrant skill - considered individually - but on the legal or undocumented way of entry in the country and its relation with the immigrant insertion in the Brazilian labour market. It do not suggest a dichotomy model, but an analytical perspective that allows to investigate the different inflows and in its relation to labour market. See (Villen, 2014).34.See also Baeninger (2010).35.The Pré-Sal reserves are huge oil reserves discovered on the submerged lands of the Brazilian Atlantic coast.36.Through the Mais Médicos Program, the Brazilian government recruits physicians from other countries to reduce the shortage of this service in the public sector - mainly in some regions of the country. This policy was implemented in 2013. For details, see Villen (2015).