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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экология и безопасность жизнедеятельности</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2310</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">52215</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2310-2026-34-3-515-526</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DQTIKY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экологический мониторинг</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Issues of comprehensive implementation of distributed sensor networks and internet of things technologies for environmental monitoring to ensure ecological safety</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вопросы комплексного внедрения распределенных сенсорных сетей и технологий интернета вещей для мониторинга окружающей среды в целях обеспечения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1083-5242</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2732-1655</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gusev</surname><given-names>Andrey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гусев</surname><given-names>Андрей Вячеславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Russian State Social University; Lead Software Engineer, Sensomatics LLC</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, кафедра экологии и природоохранной деятельности, Российский государственный социальный университет; ведущий инженер-программист, ООО «Сенсоматика»</p></bio><email>gusevandre2015@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6603-6401</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhramanyan</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахраманьян</surname><given-names>Михаил Андраникович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en">Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Russian State Social University; Professor of the Department of Life Safety at the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</bio><bio xml:lang="ru">доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры экологии и природоохранной деятельности, Российский государственный социальный университет; профессор кафедры безопасности жизнедеятельности, Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации</bio><email>MAShakhramanyan@fa.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian State Social University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский государственный социальный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sensomatics LLC</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Сенсоматика»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Финансовый университет при Правительстве РФ</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>34</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 34, NO2 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 34, №2 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>515</fpage><lpage>526</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-09-10"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Gusev A.V., Shakhramanyan M.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Гусев А.В., Шахраманьян М.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gusev A.V., Shakhramanyan M.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гусев А.В., Шахраманьян М.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/ecology/article/view/52215">https://journals.rudn.ru/ecology/article/view/52215</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The study aims to develop a criteria framework for assessing the effectiveness of integrated environmental monitoring systems that combine distributed sensor neworks (DSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for water and air quality control. The object of research is the architecture of integrated systems merging stationary and mobile measurement nodes. The methodology employs systemic and multi-criteria analysis across four groups: technological (network density, sensor stability), informational (spatial representativeness, suitability for digital twins), economic (total cost of ownership, prevented damage), and regulatory. A review of international experience revealed a gap between IoT sensor capabilities and regulatory requirements. A three-level architecture is proposed - from field data collection to a cloud platform of digital twins that generates heat maps normalized to permissible exposure limits. The main conclusion: key barriers are primarily normative and methodological rather than technological. A dense network of low-cost sensors has been shown to cut the “blind time” of leak detection nearly in half, confirming the value of synergistic effect over episodic measurements. The proposed criteria system provides a methodological basis for substantiating and auditing digital monitoring projects, facilitating the transition to a predictive environmental risk management model.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Цель исследования - разработка критериального аппарата для оценки эффективности комплексных систем экологического мониторинга, объединяющих распределенные сенсорные сети (РСС) и технологии Интернета вещей (IoT) для контроля водной и воздушной сред. Объектом выступают архитектуры интегрированных систем, совмещающие стационарные и мобильные измерительные узлы. Методология опирается на системный и многокритериальный анализ: технологические (плотность сети, стабильность датчиков), информационные (пространственная репрезентативность, пригодность для цифровых двойников), экономические (совокупная стоимость владения, предотвращенный ущерб) и нормативные группы критериев. Проведен обзор международного опыта, выявивший разрыв между возможностями IoT-сенсоров и регуляторными требованиями. Предложена трехуровневая архитектура - от полевого сбора данных до облачной платформы цифровых двойников, формирующей тепловые карты относительно предельно допустимых концентраций (ПДК). Основной вывод: ключевые препятствия к внедрению носят не столько технологический, сколько нормативно-методический характер. Показано, что плотная сеть недорогих датчиков позволяет сократить «слепое время» обнаружения утечек почти вдвое, подтверждая ценность синергетического эффекта перед эпизодическими замерами. Предложенная система критериев образует методическую основу для обоснования и аудита проектов цифрового мониторинга, способствуя переходу к предиктивной модели управления экологическими рисками.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>environmental monitoring</kwd><kwd>distributed sensor networks</kwd><kwd>Internet of Things (IoT)</kwd><kwd>comprehensive environmental control</kwd><kwd>digital twins</kwd><kwd>efficiency assessment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мониторинг окружающей среды</kwd><kwd>распределенные сенсорные сети</kwd><kwd>интернет вещей</kwd><kwd>комплексный экологический контроль</kwd><kwd>цифровые двойники</kwd><kwd>оценка эффективности</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abdulhussain SH., Mahmmod BM, Alwhelat A, Shehada D, Shihab ZI, Mohammed HJ, Abdulameer TH, Alsabah M, Fadel MH, Ali SK, Abbood GH, Asker ZA, Hussian A. 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