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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экология и безопасность жизнедеятельности</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-2310</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2408-8919</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">24009</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2313-2310-2019-27-4-255-263</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Industrial Ecology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Промышленная экология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Principles of constructed wetlands designing</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Принципы проектирования фито-очистных систем</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rybka</surname><given-names>Kseniia Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыбка</surname><given-names>Ксения Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, Laboratory of Water Protection</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, лаборатория охраны вод</p></bio><email>kseniarybka@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shchegolkova</surname><given-names>Nataliia M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеголькова</surname><given-names>Наталия Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>leading researcher, Laboratory of Water Protection, Water Problems Institute of RAS; leading researcher, Faculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник, лаборатория охраны вод, Институт водных проблем РАН; ведущий научный сотрудник, факультет почвоведения, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</p></bio><email>nshegolkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Water Problems Institute of RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт водных проблем РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 27, NO4 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 27, №4 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>255</fpage><lpage>263</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-06-19"><day>19</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Rybka K.Y., Shchegolkova N.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Рыбка К.Ю., Щеголькова Н.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rybka K.Y., Shchegolkova N.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рыбка К.Ю., Щеголькова Н.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/ecology/article/view/24009">https://journals.rudn.ru/ecology/article/view/24009</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Constructed wetlands (CW) - shallow surfaces or subsurface water bodies, planted with higher aquatic plants and designed to treat wastewater - have been actively used in world practice for the last decades. There are no universal principles for designing such systems, so for each combination of landscape (in which a CW is located) and the quality of wastewater, an individual type of CW is selected. The article provides an overview of the principles adopted in the world for calculating the main technological parameters of CWs (choice of the type of CW, calculation of the area of CW, the residence time of the water in the system, the choice of filtering medium, etc.) developed on the basis of numerous functioning objects. The recommendations given in the article are applicable for small and mediumsized CWs intended for the treatment of domestic, storm and agricultural wastewater.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Фито-очистные системы (ФОС) - неглубокие поверхностные или подземные водотоки, засаженные высшей растительностью и предназначенные для очистки сточных вод - в последние десятилетия активно применяются в мировой практике. Универсальных принципов проектирования таких систем не существует, так для каждой комбинации ландшафта (в котором расположена ФОС) и качества сточной воды подбирается индивидуальный тип ФОС. В статье приводится обзор принятых в мире принципов расчета основных технологических параметров ФОС (выбор типа ФОС, расчет площади ФОС, времени пребывания воды в системе, выбор фильтрующей среды и т. д.), разработанных на базе многочисленных функционирующих объектов. Приведенные в статье рекомендации применимы для малых и средних ФОС, предназначенных для очистки хозяйственно-бытовых, ливневых и сельскохозяйственных стоков.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wastewater treatment</kwd><kwd>constructed wetlands</kwd><kwd>CWs design</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>очистка сточных вод</kwd><kwd>фито-очистные системы</kwd><kwd>проектирование ФОС</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work has been prepared with the support of the RFBR, project no. 18-29-25027</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа подготовлена при поддержке РФФИ, проект № 18-2925027</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Masi F, Bresciani R, Martinuzzi N, Cigarini G, Rizzo A. 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