RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life SafetyRUDN Journal of Ecology and Life SafetyВестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Экология и безопасность жизнедеятельности2313-23102408-8919Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)12558ArticlesСтатьиResearch ArticlePalaeoecology of the Moskva-river floodplain: soil, pollen and archaeological recordsПалеоэкология поймы Москвы-реки в голоцене: почвенные, пыльцевые и археологические данныеAlexandrovskiyA LАлександровскийАлександр Леонтьевичalexandrovskiy@mail.ruErshovaE GЕршоваЕкатерина Георгиевнаeershova@rambler.ruKrenkeN AКренкеНиколай Александровичnkrenke@mail.ruInstitute of Geography, RASИнститут географии РАНLomonosov Moscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет им. ЛомоносоваInstitute of Archaeology, RASИнститут археологии РАН150320143NO3 (2014)№3 (2014)627612092016Copyright ©; 2014, Alexandrovskiy A.L., Ershova E.G., Krenke N.A.Copyright ©; 2014, Александровский А.Л., Ершова Е.Г., Кренке Н.А.2014Alexandrovskiy A.L., Ershova E.G., Krenke N.A.Александровский А.Л., Ершова Е.Г., Кренке Н.А.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0https://journals.rudn.ru/ecology/article/view/12558Floodplain deposits in the valley of the Moskva-river contain a series of buried soils of the Holocene age, which can be an important source of palaeoecological information. These soils are aged: Soil 1 - last 4 centuries, Soil 2 - cal 1200 AD-500 BC, Soil 3 - 900-2700 BC, Soil 4 - 3500-5000 BC. Archaeological monuments attributed to these soils are dated: Neolithic (Soil 4), Early Bronze Age (Soil 3), the Iron Age and the Middle Ages (Soil 2). Buried soils have well developed profiles and diagnostic features. Buried soils of the Sub-Atlantic period (Soil 2) are usually referred to Luvisols and Albeluvisols. Dark-colored soils of the Atlantic period (Soil 4) in most cases refer to Phaeozems; pollen analysis shows that these soils were formed under forest-steppe communities. Buried soils of Subboreal period (Soil 3) are traced in rare cases and have no clear diagnostic features; pollen analysis shows that this soil could be developed under mixed forests dominated by spruce. Radiocarbon dating suggests that the landscapes of the lower levels of the valley have changed dramatically between 5000 and 4500 cal BP. The forest-steppe communities, typical for the Atlantic period, were replaced by dense spruce forests due to early Subboreal climate change. Some traces of human impact on the floodplain vegetation from the Neolithic and Bronze Age were revealed. The maximum anthropological transformation was noted in the beginning of Middle Ages.Пойменные отложения в долине Москвы-реки содержат серию погребенных почв голоценового возраста, которые являются важным источником палеоэкологической информации. Согласно радиоуглеродным датировкам, почва 1 имеет возраст 100-400 лет, почва 2 - кал. 1200 AD-500 BC, почва 3 - 900-2700 BC, почва 4 - 3500-5000 BC. К погребенным почвам приурочены археологические памятники: неолитические (почва 4), бронзового века (почва 3), РЖВ и Средних веков (почва 2). Погребенные почвы часто имеют хорошо развитый профиль и диагностические признаки. Почвы субатлантического возраста (почва 2) обычно относятся к серым лесным и подзолистым. Темноцветные почвы атлантического возраста (почва 4) в большинстве случаев относятся к черноземам; спорово-пыльцевой анализ показал, что они формировались под лесостепными сообществами. В отличие от них, погребенные почвы суббореального периода (почва 3) встречаются не везде и не имеют хорошо выраженных диагностических признаков; пыльцевые данные показали, что они могли формироваться под смешанными лесами с доминированием ели. Резкое изменение ландшафтов поймы, смена лесостепных сообществ еловыми лесами, произошло, согласно радиоуглеродному датированию, в период 5000-4500 лет назад, в результате раннесуббореального похолодания. Почвенные и пыльцевые данные свидетельствуют о некоторых антропогенных изменениях растительности поймы в эпохи неолита, бронзового и железного веков. Однако максимальная антропогенная трансформация ландшафтов отмечается с начала Средневековья.HoloceneNeolithBronze Ageburied soilsfloodplain depositspollen analysislandscape reconstructionголоценнеолитбронзовый векпогребенные почвыпойменные отложенияспорово-пыльцевой анализреконструкция ландшафтов1.Aleksandrovskiy A.L., 1996. Natural Environment as Seen in Soil. 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