<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Contemporary Mathematics. Fundamental Directions</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Contemporary Mathematics. Fundamental Directions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная математика. Фундаментальные направления</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2413-3639</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-0618</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">51529</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2413-3639-2026-72-1-13-23</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TGXCNE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ricci solitons for solvable Lie groups</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Солитоны Риччи разрешимых групп Ли</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9196-1979</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55871634700</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">ABD-4782-2022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belarbi</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Беларби</surname><given-names>Л.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>lakehalbelarbi@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>University of Mostaganem</institution></aff><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-07-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>72</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Differential and Functional Differential Equations</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Дифференциальные и функционально-дифференциальные уравнения</issue-title><fpage>13</fpage><lpage>23</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-07-29"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Belarbi L.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Беларби Л.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Belarbi L.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Беларби Л.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/CMFD/article/view/51529">https://journals.rudn.ru/CMFD/article/view/51529</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In this work, the existence of nontrivial (i.e., not Einstein) Ricci solitons on Riemannian three-dimensional and five-dimensional solvable Lie groups is considered and studied. Moreover, it is shown that they are not gradient Ricci solitons.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной работе мы рассматриваем и изучаем существование нетривиальных (т. е. не эйнштейновских) солитонов Риччи на римановых трехмерных и пятимерных разрешимых группах Ли. Более того, мы показываем, что они не являются градиентными солитонами Риччи.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ricci solitons</kwd><kwd>solvable Lie groups</kwd><kwd>Riemannian manifolds</kwd><kwd>gradient Ricci solitons</kwd><kwd>three-dimensional Lie groups</kwd><kwd>five-dimensional Lie groups</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>солитоны Риччи</kwd><kwd>разрешимые группы Ли</kwd><kwd>римановы многообразия</kwd><kwd>градиентные солитоны Риччи</kwd><kwd>трехмерные группы Ли</kwd><kwd>пятимерные группы Ли</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Baird P., Danielo L. Three-dimensional Ricci solitons which project to surfaces // J. Reine Angew. Math.- 2007.-608.- С. 65-91.-DOI: 10.1515/CRELLE.2007.053.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Belarbi L. On the symmetries of Lorentzian four-dimensional generalized symmetric spaces of type C // Mathematica.-2020.- 62, № 2.-С. 133-147.-DOI: 10.24193/mathcluj.2020.2.03.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Belarbi L. On the symmetries of the Sol3 Lie group // J. Korean Math. Soc. -2020.- 57, № 2.- С. 523- 537.- DOI: 10.4134/JKMS.j190198.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Belarbi L. On the symmetries of three-dimensional generalized symmetric spaces // Bull. Transilv. Univ. Brasov Ser. III. -2020.-13, № 2.- С. 451-462.-DOI: 10.31926/but.mif.2020.13.62.2.7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Belarbi L. Ricci solitons of the H2 ×R Lie group // Elec. Res. Arch.- 2020.- 28, № 1.- С. 157-163.- DOI: 10.3934/era.2020010.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Belarbi L. Ricci solitons of the Sol3 Lie group // J. Indian Math. Soc. -2025.- 92, № 2.-С. 329-339.- DOI: 10.18311/jims/2025/35442.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Calvaruso G., De Leo B. Ricci solitons on Lorentzian Walker three-manifolds // Acta Math. Hungar.- 2011.-132, № 3.-С. 269-293.- DOI: 10.1007/s10474-010-0049-z.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Calvaruso G., Fino A. Ricci solitons and geometry of four-dimensional non-reductive homogeneous spaces // Canad. J. Math.- 2012.- 64 , № 4. -С. 778-804.-DOI: 10.4153/CJM-2011-091-1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Calvaruso G., Fino A. Four-dimensional pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous Ricci solitons // Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys. -2015.- 12, № 5.-1550056.- DOI: 10.1142/S0219887815500565.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Calvaruso G., Kowalski O., Marinosci A. Homogeneous geodesics in solvable Lie groups // Acta. Math. Hungar.-2003.-101, № 4.-С. 313-322.- DOI: 10.1023/B:AMHU.0000004942.87374.0e.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Cao H.D. Recent progress on Ricci solitons // В сб.: «Recent Advances in Geometric Analysis. Proc.Int. Conf. on Geometric Analysis, Taipei, Taiwan, June 18-22, 2007».- Beijing-Somerville: International Press, 2010.-С. 1-38.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Cao H.D. Geometry of complete gradient shrinking Ricci solitons // В сб.: «Geometry and Analysis, No. 1. Collected papers of the conference “Geometric analysis: Present and future,” Harvard Univ., Cambridge, USA, August 27 - September 1, 2008».-Beijing-Somerville: International Press, 2011.- С. 227-246.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Cerbo L.F. Generic properties of homogeneous Ricci solitons // Adv. Geom.-2014.- 14, № 2.-С. 225-237.- DOI: 10.1515/advgeom-2013-0031.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Friedan D. Nonlinear models in 2+ε dimensions // Ann. Phys.- 1985.- 163.- С. 318-419.- DOI: 10.1016 /0003-4916(85)90384-7.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Hamilton R.S. Three manifolds with positive Ricci curvature // J. Diff. Geom.- 1982.- 17.-С. 255-306 - DOI: 10.4310/jdg/1214436922.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Hervik S. Ricci nilsoliton black holes // J. Geom. Phys. -2008.- 58.- С. 1253-1264.-DOI: 10.1016/ j.geomphys.2008.05.001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Kowalski O. Generalized symmetric spaces.-Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer, 1980.-DOI: 10.1007/BFb0103324.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Lauret J. Ricci soliton solvmanifolds // J. Reine Angew. Math.- 2011.- 650.-С. 1-21.- DOI: 10.1515/ crelle.2011.001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Mostefaoui A., Belarbi L., Batat W. Ricci solitons of five-dimensional solvable Lie group // Panamer. Math J.-2019.- 29, № 1.-С. 1-16.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Mostefaoui A., Belarbi L. On the symmetries of five-dimensional Solvable Lie group // J. Lie Theory.- 2020.-30, № 1.- С. 155-169.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Onda K. Lorentz Ricci solitons on 3-dimensional Lie groups // Geom. Dedicata. -2010.- 147.- С. 313- 322.- DOI: 10.1007/s10711-009-9456-0.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
