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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Contemporary Mathematics. Fundamental Directions</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Contemporary Mathematics. Fundamental Directions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная математика. Фундаментальные направления</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2413-3639</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-0618</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">48169</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2413-3639-2025-71-4-585-603</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MBJBVA</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Parameterization of control functions in the problem of modeling HIV infection therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Параметризация функций управления в задаче моделирования терапии ВИЧ-инфекции</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-193X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56841562500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">I-4310-2018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2896-3314</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grebennikov</surname><given-names>D. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гребенников</surname><given-names>Д. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dmitry.ew@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-9389</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">JMQ-0460-2023</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyfenko</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лыфенко</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>lyfenko2006@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timokhin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимохин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>data.sup@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7404-8766</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57189699479</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">N-5539-2018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4812-4638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savinkov</surname><given-names>R. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савинков</surname><given-names>Р. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>dr.savinkov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-0656</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6701431415</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">T-1322-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8503-1588</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bocharov</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бочаров</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>g.bocharov@inm.ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Marchuk Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт вычислительной математики им. Г.И. Марчука РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Branch of Moscow Center of Fundamental and Applied Mathematics at INM RAS</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Отделение Московского центра фундаментальной и прикладной математики в ИВМ РАН</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 71, NO3 (2025)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 71, №4 (2025)</issue-title><fpage>585</fpage><lpage>603</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-21"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Grebennikov D.S., Lyfenko A.I., Timokhin A.M., Savinkov R.S., Bocharov G.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Гребенников Д.С., Лыфенко А.И., Тимохин А.М., Савинков Р.С., Бочаров Г.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Grebennikov D.S., Lyfenko A.I., Timokhin A.M., Savinkov R.S., Bocharov G.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гребенников Д.С., Лыфенко А.И., Тимохин А.М., Савинков Р.С., Бочаров Г.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/CMFD/article/view/48169">https://journals.rudn.ru/CMFD/article/view/48169</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Mathematical modeling is actively used to study the mechanisms of human immunodeficiency virus of type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Current HIV-1 therapy involves the regular, lifelong use of multiple antiviral drugs. However, this therapy is associated with varying degrees of side effects due to toxicity, drug interactions, resistance development, and high cost. Mathematical models of HIV-1 infection and optimal control methods can be used to develop effective regimens for applying multiple antiretroviral drugs, taking into account the immune status of HIV-1-infected patients. In this study, we identify the pharmacodynamic parameters of drugs based on a previously constructed stochastic model of the processes that determine viral replication in infected cells. We also study the efficiency of standard therapy for various HIV-1 infection regimens using a system dynamics model. The results of the study indicate the need to take into account differences in the body’s response to therapy based on the criterion of efficiency, which actualizes the task of selecting individual therapy regimens using optimal control methods based on physiologically approved models of HIV-1 infection.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Математическое моделирование активно используется для исследования механизмов развития инфекции вирусами иммунодефицита человека первого типа (ВИЧ-1). Современная терапия ВИЧ-1 инфекции состоит в регулярном использовании на протяжении всей жизни нескольких противовирусных препаратов, однако её применение сопряжено с побочными эффектами разной степени выраженности вследствие токсичности, взаимодействия препаратов, формирования резистентности, а также высокой стоимости. Математические модели ВИЧ-1 инфекции и методы оптимального управления могут быть использованы для построения эффективных режимов применения нескольких антиретровирусных препаратов с учетом иммунного статуса пациентов, инфицированных ВИЧ-1. В данной работе выполнена идентификация параметров фармакодинамики препаратов на основе построенной нами ранее стохастической модели процессов, определяющих размножение вирусов в зараженной клетке, и изучена с помощью модели системной динамики ВИЧ-1 инфекции эффективность стандартной терапии для различных режимов течения ВИЧ-1 инфекции. Результаты исследования указывают на необходимость учета различий в отклике организма на терапию по критерию эффективности, что актуализирует задачу подбора индивидуальных схем терапии с помощью методов оптимального управления на основе физиологически обоснованных моделей ВИЧ-1 инфекции.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mathematical modeling</kwd><kwd>HIV</kwd><kwd>parameter identification</kwd><kwd>pharmacodynamics</kwd><kwd>stochastic model</kwd><kwd>optimal control</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>математическое моделирование</kwd><kwd>ВИЧ</kwd><kwd>идентификация параметров</kwd><kwd>фармакодинамика</kwd><kwd>стохастическая модель</kwd><kwd>оптимальное управление</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Данная работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (проект № 23-11-00116, «Моделирование внутриклеточной репликации ВИЧ и стандартной терапии» — секции 2, 3, 5) и частично поддержана Отделением Московского центра фундаментальной и прикладной математики в ИВМ РАН (соглашение с Минобрнауки России № 075-15-2025-347, «Идентификация параметров фармакодинамики антиретровирусных препаратов» — секция 4).</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation  (project No. 23-11-00116, “Modeling of intracellular HIV replication and standard therapy” — sections 2, 3, 5) and was partially supported by the Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics at the Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (agreement No. 07515-2025-347 with the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, “Identification of pharmacodynamic parameters of antiretroviral drugs” — section 4).</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group/></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ким А.В., Иванов А.В. 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