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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Contemporary Mathematics. Fundamental Directions</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Contemporary Mathematics. Fundamental Directions</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современная математика. Фундаментальные направления</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2413-3639</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2949-0618</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University)</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">42617</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22363/2413-3639-2024-70-4-654-668</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">WUHFUC</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Multiscale mathematical model of the spread of respiratory infection considering the immune response</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Многомасштабная математическая модель распространения респираторной инфекции с уч¨етом иммунного ответа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozokhina</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мозохина</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>mozokhina-as@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryumina</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рюмина</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>ryumina-ka@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">RUDN University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 70, NO4 (2024)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 70, №4 (2024)</issue-title><fpage>654</fpage><lpage>668</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-27"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Mozokhina A.S., Ryumina K.A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Мозохина А.С., Рюмина К.А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mozokhina A.S., Ryumina K.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мозохина А.С., Рюмина К.А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rudn.ru/CMFD/article/view/42617">https://journals.rudn.ru/CMFD/article/view/42617</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This work presents a multiscale mathematical model of the spread of respiratory viral infection in a tissue and in an organism, taking into account the influence of innate and adaptive immune responses based on systems of reaction-diffusion equations with nonlocal terms. The defining characteristics of such models, which have physiological significance, are the viral replication number, wave propagation speed, and total viral load. In this work, these characteristics are estimated and their dependence on immune response parameters is investigated.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной работе представлена многомасштабная математическая модель распространения респираторной вирусной инфекции в ткани и в организме с учётом влияния врождённого и адаптивного иммунного ответа на основе систем реакционно-диффузионных уравнений с нелокальными членами. Определяющими характеристиками моделей такого типа, имеющими физиологическое значение, являются число репликации вируса, скорость распространения волны и полная вирусная нагрузка. В работе оцениваются эти характеристики и исследуется их зависимость от параметров иммунного ответа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>viral infection</kwd><kwd>reaction-diffusion equations</kwd><kwd>spreading speed</kwd><kwd>viral load</kwd><kwd>immune response</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирусная инфекция</kwd><kwd>уравнения реакции-диффузии</kwd><kwd>скорость распространения</kwd><kwd>вирусная нагрузка</kwd><kwd>иммунный ответ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The analytical results were obtained by A. S. Mozokhina with the support of the Russian Science Foundation, grant No. 24-11-00073. The numerical results were carried out with the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Megagrant, agreement No. 075-15-2022-1115).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Результаты частично получены А.С. Мозохиной за счёт гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-11-00073 (полная вирусная нагрузка) и частично К. А. Рюминой при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (Мегагрант, соглашение № 075-15-2022-1115)(скорость волны, численные результаты).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Abdullaev A., Odilov A., Ershler M., Volkov A., Lipina T., Gasanova T., Lebedin Y., Babichenko I., Sudarikov A. Viral load and patterns of SARS-CoV-2 dissemination to the lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, and spleen of patients with COVID-19 associated lymphopenia// Viruses.-2021.- 13, № 7.- 1410.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Ait Mahiout L., Mozokhina A., Tokarev A., Volpert V. Virus replication and competition in a cell culture: Application to the SARS-CoV-2 variants// Appl. Math. 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