Vol 14, No 5 (2018)

Dynamics of structures and buildings

Calculation of the natural oscillation frequency of the submerged basement subject to pulsed loading

Kolesnikov A.O., Popov V.N.

Abstract

The aim of work. To determine the dynamic stiffness at considering vertical and horizontal vibrations of embedded foundations on a conventional and pile base, the possibility of using formulas obtained within the framework of the wave model and SP 26.13330.2012 is considered. Solution technique. Depending on deepening changes, the natural-vibration frequencies of the system oscillations are calculated. The obtained results are compared with the experimental data obtained in a series of impulse dynamic loads performed on foundation models in semi-real conditions. The values of the transverse wave velocities were determined directly on the experimental range from the results of measurements. Results. It is determined that deepening leads to an increase in the frequencies of natural oscillations, both pile foundations and shallow foundations. Full penetration helps to increase natural-vibration frequencies. For horizontal oscillations more than 1.6 times, for vertical oscillations up to 1.4 times. The influence of deepening on shallow foundations is more significant. The advantage of the calculations results and their high agreement with the values obtained during the experiments in the framework of the wave model in comparison with the method from SP 26.13330.2012 is shown. It allows to reliably determining the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the foundations. The results determined in accordance with SP 26.13330.2012, have significantly lower values of the natural-vibration frequencies and do not fully take into account the influence of deepening. The maximum difference with the experimental data for vertical vibrations for a foundation on piles and for a shallow foundation is 33 %. In case of horizontal fluctuations, the maximum differences are from 20 % for a shallow foundation and up to 27 % for a pile foundation.

Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings. 2018;14(5):360-368
pages 360-368 views

Comparison of the calculation results of structures for specified accelerograms by nonlinear static and nonlinear dynamic methods

Bulushev S.V.

Abstract

Relevance. Modern national standards for the design of buildings and structures for seismic impacts suggest the calculation of structures in a nonlinear setting. Only linear-spectral method, which has been used and is still used, is not enough for calculation. This is due to the fact that it does not allow directly taking into account the nonlinear work of the structures. To solve the problem, nonlinear dynamic methods of calculation in the time domain can be used. At the moment, such methods are implemented only in specialized software complexes, and in most cases cannot be used by ordinary designers. Thus, it became necessary to apply simpler nonlinear calculation methods. In foreign standards for calculation of seismic resistance of buildings and structures, nonlinear static methods, or pushover analysis, have long been used. But in the national design practice until recently, these methods have not received due attention. Thus, the relevance of the study of the possibility of using these methods in engineering practice is beyond doubt. The aim of work. The purpose of this article is to estimate the accuracy of a nonlinear static method in comparison with a nonlinear dynamic method when calculating structures for given accelerograms. Solution technique. In the article three steel frames are considered: one-, threeand seven-story. The selection of sections was made in accordance with the requirements of the national standards on earthquake-resistant construction for seismic loads of the basic safety earthquake (BSE) level. Next, frames are designed for the seismic loads of the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) level on a set of accelerograms of different frequency composition. The calculation was performed by a nonlinear dynamic method in the LS-DYNA software package and a nonlinear static method in the LIRA 10.6 and MATLAB software complexes. Results. Calculations showed that in all the cases considered, except for one, a nonlinear static method showed a conservative estimate of the response of the system, in comparison with the nonlinear dynamic method. But in some cases the reaction was greatly overestimated.

Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings. 2018;14(5):369-378
pages 369-378 views

Analysis and design of building structures

Insolvent ways of development of the modern theory of reinforced concrete

Sanjarovsky R.S., Ter-Emmanuilyan T.N., Manchenko M.M.

Abstract

The aim of the work is to identify and analyze errors in the field of creep theory, where, as indicated by the leaders and authors of this theory, there is an “established consensus”. Here we are not talking about a different point of view or simplifications in standardization, since the elimination of the identified errors will significantly simplify the theory of longterm resistance of reinforced concrete. The analysis presented below is important not only for scientific theory, but also for the vast international practice of reinforced concrete construction. On the inconsistency of the theory of creep of reinforced concrete: this system arose and develops because of the construction of the theory on a set of erroneous principles, rules and unauthorized methods; it is aggravated by the numerous changes (random or deliberate) of the fundamental experimental properties of concrete; it is based on the inheritance of the principles of the inappropriate theory of Boltzmann elastic aftereffect. About the inconsistency of the theory of versatile and comprehensive evidence of: the presence of a system of gross mathematical errors; violations of the principles and rules of classical mechanics and Eurocodes; inconsistencies with wellknown experimental data; negative results of design practices, including world experience in designing unique structures by Ramboll institutions (UK). The main results were reported by the authors at the Sixth International Symposium on Life - Cycle Civil Engineering in Ghent (Belgium), IALCCE 2018, October 28-31.

Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings. 2018;14(5):379-389
pages 379-389 views

Accounting for the filling of the reservoir when calculating the stress-strain state of a concrete dam

Baklykov I.V.

Abstract

The aim of work. The paper considers the issue of reservoir accounting when calculating the stress-strain state of a concrete dam and its foundation. Solution technique. As a rule, reservoirs on a global scale represent a large gravitational mass in the form of water, which affects the engineering-geological situation in a large deep of rocks foundation. To study this factor, an investigation was made of the power component of the reservoir on the basis of the “reservoir - structure - rock foundation” system. For the calculations, the hydro power plant of Boguchanskaya HPP was selected, which is part of the Angara river cascade and is located in Siberia. To perform the stress-strain state calculations, a three-dimensional mathematical finite element model of the “reservoir - structure - rock foundation” system was created on the basis of which the predicted values of the calculated draft of the concrete dam are determined. The mathematical model consists of a fragment of the rock foundation, represented by the lithosphere and the upper part of the asthenosphere. To verify the proposed reservoir account, the predicted sediment values were compared with geodesic data, while the comparison results showed a high degree of correlation. A high degree of correlation suggests that the proposed method predicts the rock foundation and structure sediments quite well when filling the reservoir. Results. The results of the conducted investigations and comparisons of calculated and field data have shown the necessity of reservoir accounting when calculating predictions of sediment values of hydraulic structures and their rock foundation. This forecast is quite important in determining the criterial values of diagnostic indicators for the safety control of the structure.

Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings. 2018;14(5):390-395
pages 390-395 views

Experimental researches

Physical аnd mechanical properties оf basalt-fibered high-strength concrete

Kharun M., Koroteev D.D., Dkhar P., Zdero S., Elroba S.M.

Abstract

Relevance. Basalt fibers are increasingly studied in structural applications due to its environmental friendliness, good mechanical properties, thermal and chemical resistance. The aim of work. Mass production of high-strength concrete in Russia is mostly associated with the use of organomineral modifiers of the MB series, which consist of composition microsilica, fly ash, hardening regulator and superplasticizer C-3 in various proportions. The purpose of the experimental research is to study the effect of basalt fibers in high-strength concrete. Solution technique. The research of physical and mechanical properties of basalt-fibered high-strength concrete was made on samples with detentions of 100×100×100 and 100×100×400 mm with the use of modifier MB10-30C. The compressive strength, the tensile strength at bending, the strength at axial tension, and the cracking moment in various periods of curing (after 7, 14, 28 and 60 days of curing) were determined under the research. Results. The research results show that the use of basalt fibers in high-strength concrete resulted in a decrease in the compressive strength about 18-20 %, however, enhance the tensile behavior about 42-48 %.

Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings. 2018;14(5):396-403
pages 396-403 views

Problems of theory of elasticity

Investigation of the distribution of elastic waves in the composite cylinder with the initial torch

Guliyev M.S., Seyfullayev A.I., Abdullayeva J.N.

Abstract

The aim of work. The work is devoted to the study of the propagation of axisymmetric longitudinal waves in a compound cylinder with initial torsion. Solution technique. The initial stresses in the cylinder are determined using the classical linear theory of elasticity. Methods for solving corresponding problems of intrinsic significance are proposed. Numerical results are given and their analysis is carried out. Results. It was found that the presence of initial torsion in cylinders does not exclude the appearance of an axisymmetric longitudinal and axisymmetric waves in a compound cylinder separately. It is found that, in the absence of initial torsion in the compound cylinder, there are intersection points between the dispersion curves corresponding to the modes of axially symmetric longitudinal and torsional waves. It is shown that in the case when initial torsion takes place on at least one cylinder, the axisymmetric longitudinal and torsional waves can not propagate separately, i.e. there is an interference between these two types of axisymmetric waves in a composite cylinder. Methods for solving the problem are developed and corresponding dispersion equations for a compound cylinder are obtained. Dispersion equations are solved and dispersion curves are obtained, an algorithm is developed for constructing these curves.

Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings. 2018;14(5):404-413
pages 404-413 views

Buckling analysis

Analytical and finite element modeling in the calculation and design of reinforcements of stretched elements by fiber-reinforced polymers based on high-strength fiber using adhesive joints

Danilov A.I., Kalugin I.A.

Abstract

Subject . Analysis of applicability and effectiveness of various complexity level models in design of reinforcement of stretch elements by gluing on their surface high-strength fiber reinforced polymers (HSFRP). Research objectives. Determine the necessary level of complexity of the calculation model based on the comparison of calculation results obtained on models of various complexity within the elastic behavior of the reinforced element and analysis of features of its elastoplastic behavior in case of its overload. Materials and methods. Few relatively simple variants of HSFRP-reinforcement structures with application of four Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation models of varying complexity and an analytic approach. Plane and spatial Finite Element (FE) models with PC LIRA (SCAD) and FEMAP (NASTRAN) apply in considered series of numerical experiments. Comparative analysis of results of elastic FEM calculation based on various FE models with the results obtained using analytical expressions. A number of diagrams and tables represent the results of calculations. Nonlinear FEM analysis reveals some features of the reinforced elements response under extreme loads. Results. The effect of various factors on the bonded joint behavior observed, the equations and formulae for the analysis and design are applied, the analytical approach based numerical results well correspond with those obtained using FEM. A number of nonlinear FEM calculations discover some features of elastic-plastic response of joints. Conclusions. All the considered here FE models within the limits of elastic design are quite compatible mutually and with an approximate analytical approach as well. The least timeand effort-expensive for the stage of preliminary assessment of the various parameters effect on the glued joint behavior in the elastic design of the stretched elements reinforcement is an analytical approach allowing instantaneously obtain the resulting main components of stresses and forces in the components of joint to scroll through parameter values. FEM simulation for elastic calculation is expedient for verification of results. The simplified plain FEM simulation seems to be quite reliable here. In inelastic state of the reinforced element material yet, the features of its stress-strain distribution not observable in the elastic stage of its loading and requiring special attention and refined FEM simulation may dominate.

Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings. 2018;14(5):414-426
pages 414-426 views

Sustainability of walls of individual residential houses with a wooden frame

Razzakov S.J., Juraev B.G., Juraev E.S.

Abstract

The aim of work. The stability of the walls of individual houses with a wooden frame and the stress-strain state of a single-story structure are investigated, and also problems of their strength and seismic resistance are considered. Solution technique. The development of a methodology for calculating small, simple in form individual houses, with the reinforcement of load-bearing walls by a frame, is described. The methodology includes the following stages: the creation of a mathematical model of structures; choice of the numerical method - the finite element method (FEM), which allows to take into account the structural features of the structure; carrying out calculations of buildings for specified loads. The choice of the finite element method is justified by the possibility of calculating a spatial model that takes into account the real geometry and structural features of the structure. Results. Using the spatial model allowed to take into account in detail the presence of the framework, and analysis of the stress-strain state revealed an increase in the rigidity of the structure with a skeleton, which indicates an increase in strength, stability, and seismic resistance. The connecting role of the skeleton is revealed, which consists in combining the elements of the structure into a single spatial system. The static effect consists in the perception of the rigid elements of the framework by the applied static load, which causes in them a slight deformation transferred to the piers between the frame elements. This leads to a uniform distribution and a general reduction in the level of stresses in the walls in comparison with the same stresses in walls without a frame.

Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings. 2018;14(5):427-435
pages 427-435 views

Analysis of underground structures

Modeling and monitoring of rock structures on the geotechnical factor in the development of shallow deposits

Golik V.I., Belodedov A.A., Logachev A.V., Shurygin D.N.

Abstract

Relevancy. Most of the non-ferrous metal ores are produced by low-productivity and dangerous technology in conditions when high-performance technology cannot be used. The aim of many studies and this work is to find reserves for increasing productivity and safety in the development of such deposits through the use of hidden technology capabilities. The method of investigation is a comparison of the traditional version of ore breakage with new variants of ore breaking in the framework of an industrial field experiment with interpretation of the results obtained. Results. Quantitative values of the efficiency indices of ore breakage from drilling workings are obtained in comparison with the traditional version with the breakage of the ledges and the worked out space. It is proved that the application of the new technology, despite the laboriousness of penetrating the drilling workings, does not worsen the technical and economic performance of the design, radically improving the safety of work. The results obtained are approximated graphically. Conclusions. The indicators of the breakage from the drilling workings outstrip the traditional version of the breakage due to the previously unavailable features of the breakage and placement in the worked out space of the ore, saving the workers from the danger of being in the open worked-out space.

Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings. 2018;14(5):436-445
pages 436-445 views

Reviews, references

Review for the textbook “Handbook on Structural Mechanics”

Mondrus V.L.
Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings. 2018;14(5):446-447
pages 446-447 views

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