No 3 (2015)

ARTICLES

RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND PROBLEM OF MODERNIZATION

Shults E.E.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of state modernization as a result of revolutions exemplified by the Russian revolution. There are considered researchers’ approaches to the problem of modernization of states after revolutions, analyzed the problem zones of the concept, in particular with respect to the Russian revolution. The author questions the historiography view that the reasons and consequences of revolutions are caused by problems of modernization in a state (which is incapable to solve these problems by reforms). These statements were fully applied to the Russian revolution. The author comes to the conclusion that the Russian revolution of 1917 was the first one the tasks of which purposefully included modernization of the state. From the author’s point of view, revolution certainly becomes the structural reason of further modernization of the state in which modernization processes (urbanization, industrialization and democratization) are structurally interconnected and interdependent, but are within a long time interval. According to the author, the only thing where the thesis of modernization during revolution can't be challenged is the change of the social structure of society.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):7-17
pages 7-17 views

PARTICIPATION OF POPULATION IN TYUMEN CITY COUNCIL ELECTIONS DURING NEW ECONOMIC POLICY

Sukharev A.A.

Abstract

This article analyzes the forms of participation of the population and its model of political behavior in election campaigns of the Tyumen City Council deputies during the New Economic Policy (NEP). In the early years of the NEP the regime had a significant impact on the citizens during voting. These measures included active agitation, particularly among members of trade unions, and moral pressure to ensure the election of communists and their sympathizers in the Council. As a result, the trust of citizens in the election procedure greatly decreased, causing responses of the Party and the Soviet government to reduce the administrative pressure known as the "campaign to revitalize the Soviets." These measures included voting for individual candidates rather than for their lists, departing from the strict regulation of the election procedures, the course to attract non-party to the Council. This made possible to greatly improve the turnout of the population and its activity during the election campaign. Voters were more likely to promote their candidates, which led to some reduction in the proportion of Communists in the Council. At the same time, they retained their influence in the governing authorities preserving their control over the political life of the city.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):18-25
pages 18-25 views

ETHNOPOLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF GERMAN OCCUPATION POLICY IN USSR (1944-1945)

Sinitsyn F.L.

Abstract

The article analyses the main outcomes and consequences of the Nazi occupation of the Soviet territory in its ethnic aspect: the extent of pro-German sentiments; the surge of ethnic conflicts and anti-Soviet insurgency; the issues of collaborationism and ‘non-return’ of Soviet citizens. The author shows that at the final stage of the Nazi occupation there became obvious the failure of the German policy and propaganda on the occupied Soviet territory, which was based on the principles of chauvinism and incitement of ethnic hatred.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):26-32
pages 26-32 views

ON CANONIZATION AND DECANONIZATION (CANONIZATION AND PEOPLE’S VENERATION OF SAINTS - PROBLEM OF COUNTERPOINT)

Yakemenko B.G.

Abstract

The article discusses the issue of criteria of holiness in the Russian hagiography and public consciousness, and the characteristics associated with that of saints. The analysis allowed stating that what today is considered the official canonization is often just agreement with the fact of "popular canonization" done long before the official procedure in the public consciousness. It happens, first of all, because the veneration of some ascetics lies generally outside any procedures that only give legitimacy to the cult already established in the public consciousness. The issue of the criteria of holiness and canonizations related to them is full of contradictions and it does not fit into the framework of formal procedures. Therefore, no official decanonization may be, primarily because the veneration of some ascetics lies generally outside any procedures that only give legitimacy to the cult already established in the public consciousness. And so the formal side of the issue only depends on a name being in the calendar. But the informal side does not depend at all on any procedures. In order to identify at least some procedural boundaries of canonization, there should be a permanent body ready to work for several decades. Otherwise "canonization" and "decanonization" will occur regardless of certain authorities and commissions.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):33-46
pages 33-46 views

FRENCHMAN IN RUSSIAN SERVICE: COUNT CHOISEUL-GOUFFIER IN RUSSIA

Georgieva N.G., Lukyanenko A.V.

Abstract

The article related to the study of the scientific problem "dialogue of cultures and civilizations" analyses the process of integration of foreigners in different culture and their adaptation to a different cultural area. The object of the research is the activity of count Choiseul-Gouffier (Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste Choiseul-Gouffier, 1752-1817) as a typical representative of the French monarchist elite, who found temporary refuge in Russia after the French Revolution. The article explains the reasons which caused the choice of Russia as the place of immigration, as well as the degree of adaptation to the Russian reality. The research is based on the information from the memoirs of the count’s contemporaries. The French publication of documentation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs was used as an additional source. For 10 years in the Russian Empire the count, being a connoisseur of art and history, highly erudite man, brought his knowledge and organizational skills into the development of the library service of Russia and art education at the Academy of Fine Arts. However, he did not perceive Russia as a second homeland, and in 1802 he returned to France, where his personality was much more highly appreciated.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):47-59
pages 47-59 views

IMPACT OF ALL-UNION AND SIBERIAN PRESS OF 1920S ON FORMATION OF SIBERIAN WOMEN'S NEW BEHAVIORAL PATTERNS

Vasekha M.V.

Abstract

The article deals with specialized women's media and their role in the formation of new behavioral patterns of peasant women in the first decade of the Soviet period. The author analyzes the main behavior models, life strategies proposed for the “new” “liberated” Soviet women in media. In addition to the well-known all-Union magazines “The Communist woman” and "The Peasant Woman" in this article there were used Siberian media - the magazines “The Red Siberian Woman” and “The Siberian village”. The regional press, not so official, adapted to local realities, gives the researcher valuable representation of the Soviet propaganda influence in Siberian backwoods. The press modeled more “effective” life scenarios; women were encouraged to take up activity-position to take unconventional solutions to change theirs “hard fate”, “women's destiny”. It is important to note that the proposed patterns of behavior are not very diverse campaigning rid of “oppressive fathers, brothers and husbands”. All the scenarios again boiled down to the idea of service, but this time to the public interest. Thus, the policy of "emancipation of women" for the most part was reduced to the integration of women in the public space, without trying to understand their true needs, to take into account their aspirations and, ultimately, to protect their best interests.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):60-70
pages 60-70 views

LABOR DISCIPLINE AT ENTERPRISES OF VLADIMIR REGIONDURING GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

Tryakhov I.S.

Abstract

The article considers the condition of labor discipline at the enterprises located in the Vladimir region during the Great Patriotic War. The analysis has shown its comparative historiography scarcity and the need to fill the scientific gaps. The tightening of the labor legislation before the war requires careful study of its use in different regions of the Russian Federation. There are analyzed the dynamics of labor discipline changes, the reasons for deterioration of its state in the war years. The author pays attention to the methods for improvement of labor discipline and measures applied to violators. The primary role in the prevention and elimination of violations of labor discipline was played by leadership businesses. The state of labor discipline often depended on the current domestic and housing conditions in which the workers lived there. Most often violators of labor discipline were mobilized young workers. Violations of labor discipline on the part of older workers were rare.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):71-80
pages 71-80 views

INFORMATION PROPAGANDA IN USSR AS INSTRUMENT OF “SOFT POWER”

Bokeriya S.A., Dieva A.A.

Abstract

The mechanisms of «soft power» are becoming an integral part of foreign policy and national security. The use of «soft power» allows resisting political pressure and cultural expansion of foreign countries, ensures the preservation of national identity, creates a positive image of a state and strengthens international position of the country. Considerable experience in the effective use of instruments of «soft power» in foreign and domestic policy was accumulated during the existence of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The article analyzes the methods and principles of information propaganda in the USSR as an instrument of «soft power», information infrastructure of the mechanism of propaganda in the USSR as a system. There are discussed the main methodological principles of Marxist-Leninist ideology, as well as the effectiveness of the communist ideology at the state level.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):81-89
pages 81-89 views

PROSPECTS OF «SHALE REVOLUTION» AND RUSSIAN-CHINESE ENERGY DIALOGUE

Chen C.

Abstract

The article touches upon the analysis of the prospects of the “shale revolution” at the world gas market and the assessment of influence that could be exerted on the development of the Russian-Chinese energy dialogue by the growing production of this type of fuel. The author examines the advantages and disadvantages of shale gas in comparison with traditional natural gas, considering the practicability of exploring such energy resource for Russia and China. Shale gas may in the future provide significant reserves of natural gas. This will lead to a significant change in the elasticity of demand in all regional markets, including the Asian one. However, the supply of shale gas from the US to Eurasia expected in a few years will not endanger the supply of pipeline gas from Russia to China. Russian gas is more competitive than the American one due to the fact that the costs of production and transportation of natural gas from Russia is much lower than the costs for shale gas from the US. The most important difference is that natural gas unlike shale is environmentally friendly. The potential "shale revolution" will not make serious adjustments in the Russian-Chinese energy dialogue. This is due to a number of circumstances. First, it is important for China to develop its economy based on environmentally friendly fuel. Secondly, from the point of view of geography and convenience of transit of energy resources Russia is an ideal partner for China. Moreover, Moscow has repeatedly proven to be reliable in carrying out commitments on oil and gas contracts.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):90-98
pages 90-98 views

RUSSIAN-PAKISTANI INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS: STATE AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

Khashkhanov А.I.

Abstract

The article analyzes the development of the Russian-Pakistani intergovernmental relations from 1991 to the present. The relations between Russia and Pakistan are not developing easily, as their development is influenced by a number of factors. One of the factors is the USA, which involved Pakistan in a number of military-political blocs hostile to the USSR in the period of the Cold war. This factor formed certain negative stereotypes in their mutual perception. Another factor is the Indian one which Russia has always had to consider in building relations with Pakistan. Besides, the Afghan factor influenced the bilateral relationships. The article considers the direction of the interstate relations between Russia and Pakistan, marks the leading spheres of trade and economic cooperation. The author analyzes the reasons which hinder their further development and notes attractive areas of cooperation that is in the interests of the two countries in the new international terms.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):99-108
pages 99-108 views

HISTORICAL ROLE OF P.I. JURGENSON IN MUSIC PUBLISHING IN SECOND HALF OF XIX TH - EARLY XX TH CENTURIES

Logachevа N.V.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of publishing activity of P.I. Jurgenson in the second half of the XIXth - early XXth centuries, who was the outstanding representative of the Russian musical culture. He created a musical publishing house, which became the major musical, creative and scientific center which brought together composers, famous singers, writers, artists and other representatives of the Russian pre-revolutionary elite. The article highlights the fact that for years in his publishing house P.I. Jurgenson published nearly 140 works by famous authors, including Tchaikovsky, Arensky, Balakirev, Glinka, Rachmaninoff, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Chopin, Rimsky-Korsakov and others. The author emphasizes the fact that the musical works published by P.I. Jurgenson are in great demand among contemporary musicians and music community of modern Russia.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):109-116
pages 109-116 views

WORLD WAR I AND PROVISION OF MEDICINES (INSTANCE OF PRIVATE INITIATIVE)

Zverev V.V.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):117-121
pages 117-121 views

LAND ISSUE AS INSTABILITY FACTOR OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL SITUATION IN INGUSHETIA IN EARLY XX TH CENTURY

Ortskhanov A.G.

Abstract

В данном научном сообщении исследуется причина возникновения недовольства со стороны горцев-ингушей по отношению к царской власти в период Февральской революции 1917 г. и гражданской войны в России. В работе автор опирается на научные труды различных авторов, где обращается внимание на проблему малоземелья ингушей и вызванную этой проблемой нестабильность на территории Ингушетии в начале XX в.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):122-125
pages 122-125 views

AIR TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN MODERN RUSSIA: HISTORY OF ESTABLISHMENT AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT

Kotikhina A.A.

Abstract

В данном научном сообщении рассмотрен исторический аспект становления российской авиатранспортной системы, современное состояние рынка авиационных услуг, а также прогноз в области авиационной деятельности. Проведенный анализ, основанный на анализе пассажиропотока, и, как следствие, растущего спроса на авиационные услуги, выявил потребность в расширении мощностей, а также модернизации существующей инфраструктуры.
RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):126-130
pages 126-130 views
pages 131-135 views

OUR AUTHORS

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RUDN Journal of Russian History. 2015;(3):136-138
pages 136-138 views

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