AXIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF VIETNAMESE STUDENTS ADAPTABILITY

The study analyses the ratio of axiological orientation of Vietnamese students and their adaptability. The study demonstrates that the ratio of certain values, attitudes and needs form a specific type of axiological orientation. The study finds out that different types of orientation are interrelated with selective personality adaptive indicators of Vietnamese students and can be regarded as predictors of adaptation process. The study identifies current trends of adaptability studies within the context of system paradigm. The study points out the main determinants of personal adaptability manifestations. The methodological basis of the research was the dispositional concept of personality and individual traits investigation by A. Krupnov, as well as the provisions of the theory of personal potential by D. Leontiev, developed within the framework of positive psychology. The aim of the study presented in this article is to identify the relationship between the indicators of axiological orientation and adaptability variables in Vietnamese students. At the first stage of the study, different types of students' axiological orientation based on the results of cluster analysis have been identified and described: vocation and career, egocentric, sociability orientation types. Statistically significant differences between the selected types were recorded for most of the components. The meaningful characteristics of these types at the behavioural level, differ in attitude to training activities, relationship with other people and personal self-conception. In the next phase the features of adaptability among representatives with different types of axiological orientation were revealed. The correlation analysis was used to identify the correlation between axiological variables and adaptability. It turned out that all three groups are pressed by uncertainty, nostalgia and asthenic feelings. At the same time representatives of vocational and career axiological orientation type were more successful in adaptability, as compared to other groups. Students with egocentric orientation turned out less successful in adaptability. They are distinguished by the highest severity of negative background mood, uncertainty, difficulties in communication. As a conclusion, we defined the role of axiological orientation as the primary predictor of personal adaptability in multicultural environment.


INTRODUCTION
The realities of modern society make massive migration flows worldwide inevitable. People long for the countries and regions, where the quality of life is seen as more favourable than at home. Moving into other socio-cultural, economic, political and religious conditions is fraught with difficulties of various kinds, both for migrants and the local population. The unsuccessful adaptation results in conflicts, open confrontation, rejection of traditions and culture, the difficulties of socialization and selfrealization, in alcohol addiction, delinquency, religious fanaticism, etc. [1]. In this regard, it must be stressed that young people coming from different countries, especially students from Southeast Asia and Africa are no exception in this respect. For many migrants, different mindset, language barrier, different culture, customs, traditions and religion are an insurmountable obstacle to wholesome integration in Russian ethnic and cultural environment.
The studies of Vietnamese scientists show that traditional values of this ethnic group includes responsibility, dignity, loyalty, wisdom of life, tolerance [2]. Thus, the materials VII, VIII, IX, XI of the national assemblies of the Committee of the Vietnamese Communist Party pointed to the following factors in the formation of values: patriotism, solidarity in the community, humanity, tolerance, generosity and creativity at work, ease of life [3].
The works of other authors singled out the traditional and modern values. The traditional values include love, honoring parents, self-esteem, respect for others, loyalty, optimist adaptation, solidarity, gratefulness, traditions, courage, justice, sympathy, tolerance, compassion, modesty and ability to sacrifice, simplicity. The list of contemporary values included confidence, creativity, applicant of all forces to work, environmental friendliness, diligence in work, trust, enhanced cooperation in work for the benefit of society, sociability [4] [5].
It is easy to see that in Vietnam, major priorities in rearing and upbringing of the young generation include fundamental values capable of protecting the integrity of the state, family, social and economic development of society, etc. The values' focus is shifted to values of labor and training, self-sacrifice for the sake of the country and family, altruism. Apparently, the specified values of Vietnamese students have a certain influence on the specific of their adaptation to foreign cultural environment.
One of the significant factors of the adaptive process is human adaptability resource of adaptability as a personal trait. Another factor is sustainability of positive values, attitudes, needs and goals forming the axiological orientation of an individual. As it was shown by earlier studies, the axiological orientation is a predictor of self-realization and socialization of actors. Influences on behavior, activity and communication personality in different socio-cultural environment. At the same time the problem of axiological orientation of an individual not to be regarded in the context of adaptability [6][7] [8].
Adaptability, in its turn, is considered quite versatile with different methodological positions. It was studied as a property of an individual analyzed in terms of an evolutionary approach, based a study of predictors of formation and development of human resources for adaptation in evolution [1]. Within the framework of the substantial approach the most important factor is personal activity in adaptation process [9]. The stalwarts of cognitive methodology appeal to intelligent structures in the development of adaptation processes [10]. Finally, the representatives of the socio-psychological approach give a priority to the structure of personality as a reflection of prevailing relations and links of a person with environment in the process of adaptation [11].
Modern research increasingly regard adaptability as a system of individual training. The dispositional approach, which forms the basis of this study, is extremely interesting in the context of the said paradigm [12] [13]. Studying the ratio axiological orientation and personal adaptability allows developing recommendations in the future as well as backing programs for successful adaptation of foreign students.
The goal of the empirical study presented in this article is to study the adaptive characteristics of Vietnamese students with different rates of axiological orientation.

METHODOLOGY
The methodological basis of the research is formed by systematic approach developed by D. Lomov, V. Barabanshchikov, L. Anciferova and others [14] [15]; the statements of personal capacity theory by D. Leontiev developed within the framework of positive psychology [16]; dispositional concept of studying the traits of personality and individuality of A. Krupnov, regarding adaptability as a personal property determined by combination of instrumental and stylistic and contextual axiological characteristics [12].
The study was conducted in Russian universities (MIPT, MSU, RUDN University, etc.). The total sample was composed of 512 students from Vietnam (44% and 54% male and female students) between the age of 18 and 26. Life-purpose orientation test was used to examine the axiological orientation of Vietnamese students (D. Leontiev), "Personal orientation test" (B. Bass), "Survey of socio-psychological personal attitudes in the field of motivations and needs" (O. Potemkina). Blank adaptability test was used in the study of adaptability (A. Krupnov).
The design of the study was as follows: all 512 students gradually fulfilled the proposed blank methods in accordance with the established requirements to data tests.
The obtained empirical results of the study were mathematical processed using IBM SPSS Statistics. The methods of descriptive statistics of the student's t-test, cluster analysis of k-mean method, Spearman correlation analysis were used.

Cluster analysis
In the first phase of the study regulatory values of personal questionnaires for Vietnamese students were calculated. The objective was to establish a typology of axiological orientation of the individual students within the cluster analysis (Table 1). The results show different dominant orientation types in the selected clusters. With regard to the hierarchy of value orientations, all three groups have process as the main value. After a year of studying Russian language, people and culture, regardless of orientation, there is fixation on the procedural side of activities, communication and behaviour.
As it can be seen from Table 1 the first group included 192 Vietnamese students with high value of indicators focused on business (n = 13.26) and the second and the third place is occupied by indicators focused on communication (n = 7.32) and oneself (n = 6.66). Next in the hierarchy are the values of the process (n = 6.89), result (n = 6.26), altruism (n = 5.79), selfishness (n = 4.42), work (n = 5.53), freedom (n = 5.89), power (n = 2.42) and money (n = 2.68). Conventionally, this cluster can be defined as vocational and career type of axiological orientation because of the dominant values of process and activity.
The second cluster consists of 153 tested students. In this group, there are some differences from respondents included in the first cluster. The highest place in the hierarchy of values is self-orientation (n = 11.67). The second position is held by the degree of activity value (n = 9.44), then comes communication (n = 6.5). Other values come in the following order: money (n = 3.72), power (n = 3.78), work (n = 4.33), altruism (n = 4.61), freedom (n = 5.56), result (n = 5.67), selfishness (n = 5.83), process (n = 5.94). This cluster can be rightfully defined as egocentric axiological orientation.
In the next phase they analysed adaptability indicators of respondents representing different types of semantic values orientation, as well as their interaction with values ( Fig. 1). As you can see in the fig. 1, the highest rates for adaptability are found in respondents with vocational and career axiological orientation. They are more outgoing, self-confident, eager to join society and experience negative emotions less. Apparently, this is due to their attitudes. The desire to get an education, develop the necessary professional competence and in the long term to ensure a fast career growth and material wealth, led to their most successful adaptation in Russian universities.

Correlation analysis
While considering the linkages of adaptability indicators and values of respondents with vocational and career orientation, it was found that adaptability is correlated with such values as result, altruism and work on a statistically significant level p < .05 (Table 2).  Respondents with the dominant egocentric values have somewhat differently links between adaptability and values than the first group (Table 3). Thus, the adaptability rate and sociability are positively associated with result value p < .05 and negatively p < .01 with the values of selfishness and power. The more sociable the respondents are in the period of adaptation, the more successful is their performance in training activities and interaction with other people. And on the other hand, the values of egocentric achievement and power are less relevant for them. A negative record of adaptability, difficulty in communication, is positively linked to the value of power p < .05 on the level of credibility. Apparently, the more Vietnamese students in this group are oriented at achieving power, eager to demonstrate their intentions to others, the more misunderstanding of the surrounding people they face, as well as unwillingness to communicate with them on a level of confidence. The uncertainty rate is negatively associated with such values as freedom and money p < .01. It means that the desire to have more freedom in a new context, to show independence from the circumstances and other people and possess sufficient funds greatly inspires confidence in these respondents. Asthenic feelings at the level of p < .05 are negatively associated with altruism. This suggests that inspiration, upsurge of creative effort, the desire to act for the benefit of other people and other altruistic motives are not compatible with the negative feelings and negative emotions. The fact of direct link between asthenic feelings and the value of work p < .01 is interesting as well. We can conclude from this data that students of this group don't feel expressed need for labour activity. As work arises negative emotional experience in them. Such adaptability indicator as estrangement is negatively associated with the value of altruism p < .01. It seems quite natural, because helping attitude, participation in group activities with a common purpose and objectives helps to improve interaction with others, facilitates communication and consequently brings the participants together forcing the estrangement away. Finally, the overall adaptability is positively linked with such values as egoism, freedom, money p < .01. It means that the core predictors of successful adaptation in these respondents are superiority attitudes, showcasing one's uniqueness, awareness of personal and social and financial independence.
In the group of respondents with sociability axiological orientation there are also some peculiarities in interdependence indicators of adaptability and values (Table 4). Note. * p < .05, two-tailed, ** p < .01, two-tailed.
The highest number of links with values is demonstrated by sociability. Thus, at a high level of significance this indicator is directly linked to the values of altruism and freedom with the negative links to selfishness and power p < .01. Manifestations of pronounced sociability in the adaptation period stimulate altruistic motives in the activities, communication and behaviour and promote the expansion of freedom. Apparently, contacts with different people due to the intensity of communication expands interpersonal space, gives a sense of freedom. At the same time, the declining status of selfish attitudes and reduced rank of such value as money occurs. Insecurity has a negative connection with the process and power and positive link with selfishness. The higher is the level of uncertain behaviour in society, the more likely the respondents are focused on satisfying their selfish needs and the less attractive for them are the values of work and power. They are deliberately isolated from other participants. The asthenic feelings are positively correlated with selfishness p < .01 This relationship suggests that the desire to satisfy selfish needs decreases a positive emotional tone. Probably, this can happen due to the lack of capacity to fully meet all one's desires. There is a negative relationship between nostalgia and the value of money p<.01, which is explained by insufficient financial satisfaction of the respondents. As in the minds of Vietnamese students money can provide new opportunities for conquering a new world, culture, allow expanding one's circle of friends and thereby endangering the nostalgia for their country, family, etc. The estrangement rate has two statistically significant negative links to the values of process and work p < .01. Fewer respondents are involved in different activities, the more they feel their isolation, estrangement from social groups and consequently the adaptation process is less successful. And finally, an indicator of adaptability on the p < .01 level positively correlates with altruism and with freedom at p <.05 level. Negative relationship with selfishness is fixed at a level that was statistically significant p < .01. It means that such values as selfishness in this group is a significant obstacle to the successful adaptation of students. Meanwhile, the value of altruism in terms of cooperation and assistance activities and behaviour in others, as well as awareness and a sense of freedom and independence significantly accelerates the process of adaptation, making it more beneficial and successful.

Discussion
The statistics above allows differentiating subgroups of Vietnamese students with different indicators of axiological orientation and adaptability.
Respondents with vocational and career orientation show interest to learning, the pursuit of knowledge and competences. They always aim at efficiency, appreciate freedom and justice. They have high ambitions and organizational skills. While performing activities they plan each stage, put clear objectives, choose appropriate methods, make the necessary efforts to achieve the results. These students try to achieve high performance in various activities, seek to learn well, join additional educational programs. At the same time they don't like restrictions in anything. Respondents in this group enjoy the highest rates on adaptability. The results of the study showed that these students expand their friendships with other students without much difficulty. Easy to fit into new social groups. Demonstrate lively interest in the new culture, Russian traditions. They are very open, optimistic and active. The adaptation process is active, such students are confident, experiencing positive emotions and do not experience particular difficulties.
The data analysis shows that the most important values in this group of Vietnamese students in the process of adaptation include process, result and work. It provides for successful adaptation and high rates in academic activities of these respondents. At the same time such values as selfishness, power and money are barriers to achieve favourable indicators in the adaptation process.
Students with egocentric axiological orientation have such values as selfishness, freedom and money. These respondents are aimed at satisfying the hedonic and financial needs. They don't aspire to be leaders, half-heartedly absorb Russian culture and traditions. They communicate with their diaspora, fail to tie active contacts with Russian and other international students. In training and research activities they are focused on excellence. Significant factor for them is not the quality of the knowledge, but the ability to stand out, to be better than others. They are not active participants in the student's life. Values such as a process, outcome and work are not attractive for them and consequently do not contribute to the process of adaptation of students.
From the presented results it becomes clear that this group is primarily focused on itself. Their main motivations are self-realization, achieving personal goals and standing out among others. Such students are often perceived as egoists, because they seem less interested in others, think only of themselves, always put satisfaction of their own needs on the first place (personal happiness, psychological and financial needs). Students in this group are not inclined to blame others for their failures, don't expect help from others and want to do things their own way. Their reputation is built on character and independence in their work. These are extremely strong personalities, which move forward only at the expense of their own forces, motivating and supporting themselves. Typical personality characteristics of such people: self-confidence, perseverance, ability to focus, selfdiscipline. The process of adapting to them is rather lengthy and difficult.
The group of students with socio-communicative axiological orientation focus on the values of altruism and freedom. It is obvious that this group is dominated by a focus on communication, whereas the focus on activities is expressed in a much lesser degree. These students don't have special personal ambition, they are not selfish, do no seek to compete with others. They want to meet new people, chat with many people on various topics to learn Russian culture, Russian mentality and ways of life of Russian people living in different parts of the country. In group work these students easily receive support and assistance from most of the people. They want life and learning, to be joyful, being happy and healthy is the most important thing for them. However, they focus too much on the opinion of other people and society, and thus reduce the chances of building and implementing their own plans, personal aspirations and dreams. From the above it can be concluded that this group of Vietnamese students is extroverted and easily adaptable to new environment.

CONCLUSIONS
The study of Vietnamese students allowed proving some specific relationship indicators of adaptability and axiological orientation of individual students. We found that students with accentuated types of axiological orientation walk an individual route to socialization in a period of adaptation in Russian universities. Representatives of vocational and career axiological orientation type turn to be more successful in adaptability, as compared to other groups. These students are focused on the success of training and knowledge of reality. So, they quickly form the professional competence, they easily learn the other ethnocultural world due to expansion of business contacts and joint activities. Students from Vietnam with egocentric value orientation focused on dominance and satisfaction of purely selfish needs. They have difficulties in communicating, they experience isolation and alienation. The process of adaptation is difficult and more time-consuming. For students with social and communicative axiological orientation, the most significant factor is communication. These students are flexible, easy to establish contacts, quickly understand the cultural peculiarities of the Russian people, and easily adapt, but they have learning difficulties due to reallocation of time in favour of communication.
The results of the study can be used as a basis for designing programs of psychological support to international students in the adaptation period in both Russian and foreign universities.