No 1 (2012)

Articles

Paradigmatical Heuristics of Complexity in Humanities and Social Sciences

Grechko P.K.

Abstract

The article deals with those possibilities and perspectives which are opened by complexity in solving problems of human cultures and society. Complexity is metaphorically defined as the spirit of contemporaneity. Historically it is opposed to simplicity characteristic of modernity. As a methodological approach complexity legitimizes combining completely different things, small and large in particular. It plunges any subject-matter into practically unlimited contextuality. Complexity reveals the measure of differences and uncertainty in any reality analyzed. It is a kind of soft reductionism.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):5-21
pages 5-21 views

Synergetic Methodology of Strategical Projection and Prognostication

Budanov V.G.

Abstract

The article deals with application of synergetic methodology to strategic projection, forecasting, foresight and model operation. Problems of collective examination of developing systems are also considered. In the light of synergetic principles the basic scenarios of development and management for self-organizing systems are given. The work contains the classification of strategies of overcoming and management of social chaos and interdisciplinary model operations.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):22-36
pages 22-36 views

Thinking in Complexity: Philosophical Strategies of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari

Svirskiy Y.J.

Abstract

The paper considers the possibility of constructive interpretation of paradigmal shift affecting now our ideas, values, organization of body and perception of the world. Such shift is largely stimulated by the advances of modern technology, especially in the field of nanotechnology and NBIC-convergence. It is here, in our opinion, the term complexity is appropriate (as opposed to complexness). This term speaks not only about compound nature of certain entities (in the Cartesian sense), but about a special style of thinking. Complexity is not determined by composition of the given object, but by a special way of grasping dynamics, which increasingly evident penetrates all the pores of social life as well as mental or physical existence of man. To grasp this complexity specific philosophical approaches are required - approaches aimed not only to explain the situation of affairs, but also to provide a conceptual life in the new reality. As one of the options for such a conceptual approach - in the article - we discuss the philosophical technology proposed by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari in Thousand Plateaus (the second volume of Capitalism and Schizophrenia).
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):37-47
pages 37-47 views

Evolution of Communication Concept in the 20th Century Social Theory

Nazarchuk A.V.

Abstract

The author observes the main stages in becoming the notion of communication. The first stage is connected with information and its transmission. The second stage is shaped under influence of post-behaviourism. At this stage communication is identified with creating some communities and striving for mutual understanding. Communication at the third stage is considered in terms of social process making society, or essential definiteness of human being. The properly philosophical aspects of communication the author associates first of all with such figures as Martin Buber, Karl-Otto Apel, Jürgen Habermas, and Niklas Luhmann.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):48-54
pages 48-54 views

Human Communication: A Meaning-Making Experience

Matyash O.I.

Abstract

The article reviews some modern approaches to human communication. It highlights the approach, which is relatively new to the Russian social science and humanities tradition, that is: communication as social construction. The social construction approach brings into focus the constructive, transformative, and constitutive role of communication, while viewing communication itself as a meaning-making and negotiation (coordination) process.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):55-74
pages 55-74 views

The Phenomenon of Reciprocity: Communicative and Normative Prerequisites of Morality in its Historical Geneses

Apressyan R.G.

Abstract

The genesis of thinking according to the type and the spirit of the Golden Rule (and conjugated with it Lex Talionis and the Commandment of Love) is considered as a pattern of historical formation of morality in general. Moral thinking was shaped by understanding and mastering the experience of particular communicative situations. Prior to normative generalizations and universal prescriptivity the logic of moral thinking was gradually growing up of the expectations of agents of communicative situations as logic of reciprocity and mutuality. The analysis is based on the material of Homer's poems.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):75-90
pages 75-90 views

Transcultural studies. Demarcation of the New Disciplinary Area and the Future of the Humanities

Tlostanova M.V.

Abstract

The article considers transcultural studies as a new transdicsiplinary area, analyses its various types and methodological grounds, offers a comparative survey of the existing centers for transcultural studies. The author presents a number of ontological, ethical and gnoseological aspects of this area within the frame of post-continental philosophy. The paper also touches upon the main tasks and grounds of the newly launched Center for Transcultural Studies at Peoples' Friendship University of Russia.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):91-102
pages 91-102 views

The Plurinational and Intercultural State: Decolonization and State Re-founding in Ecuador

Walsh C.

Abstract

In South America, State formation has found its ground in an alleged homogeneity and unity tied to the dominant economic, political, social and cultural order and the interests of capital. The present efforts in countries like Bolivia and Ecuador to transform State, shed it of its colonial, neoliberal and imperial weight, and re-found it from the diversity of peoples, cultures, and historical practices - are transcendental. The article thoroughly considers the new model of the plurinational and intercultural state in Ecuador, where the plurinational allows a departure from the uni-national frame through its emphasis on the plural-national as a more adequate structure to unify and integrate, and interculturality points to the expressions of the relationships to be constructed. The author argues that both are necessary component in the re-imagining and re-founding paving the way towards a new philosophy, practice, and project of 'living well'.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):103-115
pages 103-115 views

Global Inequalities: Transnational Processes and Transregional Entanglements

Boatcă M.

Abstract

Current understandings tend to presuppose that the transformation of inequality patterns entails a series of new phenomena, which make the coining of new concepts such as the Europeanization and the transnationalization of social inequality necessary. The paper argues that, at least since the European expansion into the Americas, inequalities have been the result of transnational processes arising from transregional entanglements between shifting metropolitan and peripheral areas. To this end, the paper uses the example of the Caribbean as Europe's first colonial backyard in order to show the historical continuities between creolization as a term originally coined to describe processes specific to the Caribbean and what is being analyzed today under the label of the transnationalization of (Western) Europe. The paper subsequently claims that theorizing the continuum of structures of power linking colonialism to (post)coloniality is an essential element of the endeavor of creolizing Europe.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):116-131
pages 116-131 views

General Anthropology: Between Philosophy and Science

Reznik J.M.

Abstract

The article seeks to define the grounds of general anthropology as a complex human science. The author considers the preconditions for the formation of general anthropology as a scientific discipline. Within the system of human sciences it occupies a specific place. General anthropology is a branch of anthropology which studies on the one hand, the theoretical problems of unity and diversity of the forms of human existence in the world, and on the other hand, the generic properties which emerge and change in the process of evolution.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):132-143
pages 132-143 views

Democracy as Democratic Environment: Perspectives of Construction

Zhukov M.A.

Abstract

Despite the existing problems democracy is the most optimal regime, which meets tasks of the epoch and has prospects for the future. Strictly speaking, Russia is just starting its way to constructing a truly democratic environment. We need to cultivate a citizen-subject as a backbone element of this environment. His current political culture can be shaped through modernization of values of patriotism, history and integration into a globalizing world, purposefully developing the system of civic education.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):144-152
pages 144-152 views

Multiculturalism in the Light of Rawls' Theory of Justice

Surkov A.A.

Abstract

This article is devoted to analysis of the phenomenon of multiculturalism in the modern society through methodology offered by John Rawls in the Theory of Justice. Due to theoretical model of social contact we can draw conclusions on multiculturalism problems within conditions of democracy. Basic alternatives created by opponents of the theory of multiculturalism are also discussed.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):153-161
pages 153-161 views

Tlostanova M.V. Gender Epistemologies and Eurasian Borderlands

Bakhtikireyeva U.M.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):162-164
pages 162-164 views

Nizhnikov S.A. Moral' i politika v kontekste dukhovnykh i intellektual'nykh traditsiy

Lagunov A.A.
RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):165-168
pages 165-168 views

On Our Authors

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RUDN Journal of Philosophy. 2012;(1):169-170
pages 169-170 views

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