Exploring the Intercultural Identity of Slovak-Roma Schoolchildren in the UK

Cover Page

Cite item

Abstract

There is a significant body of literature about the Roma, but comparatively little exists in which their voices can be heard. This study takes an intercultural perspective to look at the identity negotiations of four self-identifying Roma-Slovak schoolchildren between the ages of 13-14 enrolled at a state academy in Kent. Interviews focused on the role of language in constructing their identities, the perceptions of others and the nature of possible conflicts. The qualitative analyses revealed five themes: Perception of Identity by Others, Adaptability, Aspirations, Self-Perceptions of Identity, and Conflict. Participants’ identities were found to be far more dynamic than the traditional binarized view of the Roma as the ‘other’ (McGarry & Agarin 2014). There is a strong element of ascription by others in terms of the nature of participants’ ethnicity and its relationship to their identity. Both their ethnic and national identity are central in the ways in which they see themselves.

About the authors

Laura Hryniewicz

Birkbeck, University of London

Email: laurahryniewicz@hotmail.com
26 Russell Square, WC1B 5DQ London, United Kingdom

Jean-Marc Dewaele

Birkbeck, University of London

Email: j.dewaele@bbk.ac.uk
26 Russell Square, WC1B 5DQ London, United Kingdom

References

  1. Antaki, C. & Widdicombe, S. (еds.) (1998) Identities in Talk. London: Sage
  2. Bhatia, S. & Ram, A. (2009) Theorising identity in transnational and diaspora cultures: a critical approach to acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 33, 140-149
  3. Block, D. (2006) Identity in applied linguistics. In T. Omoniyi & G. White (еds.) The sociolinguistics of identity. London: Continuum, 34-49
  4. Blommaert, J. (2005). Discourse. A critical introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  5. Blommaert, J. (2007) Sociolinguistics and discourse analysis: Orders of indexicality and polycentricity. Journal of Multicultural Discourses, 2, 115-130
  6. Bugarski, R. (2012) Language, identity and borders in the former Serbo-Croatian area. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 33, 219-235
  7. Counsell, C. (2009) Interpretivism: Meeting ourselves in research. In E. Wilson (Ed.), School-based Research: A Guide for Education Students. London: Sage, 251-276
  8. Covrig, A. (2004) Why Roma do not declare their identity - careful decision or unpremeditated refusal. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 8, 90-101
  9. Cresswell, J.W. (2007) Qualitative inquiry and research design: choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks. CA: Sage
  10. Crystal, D. (1997) English as a Global Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  11. De Burgh Woodman, H. (2014) Homogenity, “glocalism” or somewhere in between? A literary interpretation of identity in the era of globalisation. European Journal of Marketing, 48, 288-313
  12. Dewaele, J.-M. (2010) The perception of French by native speakers and advanced L2, L3 and L4 learners. In V. Regan & N. Chasaide (eds.), Language Practices and Identity Construction in French. Bern: Peter Lang, 133-156
  13. Dewaele, J.-M. & Nakano, S. (2012) Multilinguals’ perceptions of feeling different when switching languages. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 34, 107-120
  14. Dewaele, J.-M., & MacIntyre, P. (2014) The two faces of Janus? Anxiety and Enjoyment in the Foreign Language Classroom. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 4, 237-274
  15. Dorian, N. (2010) Linguistic and ethnographic fieldwork. In J. Fishman & O. Garcia (eds.), Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 24-41
  16. Edwards, A. (2010) Learning How to Know Who: professional learning for expansive practice between organisations. In S. Ludvigsen, A. Lund & R. Saljo (eds.), Learning across Sites. London: Routledge
  17. Edwards, J. (2009) Language and Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  18. Edwards, J. (2010) Language Diversity in the Classroom. Bristol: Multilingual Matters
  19. Engebrigtsen, A. (2011) Within or outside? Perceptions of self and other among Rom groups in Romania and Norway. Romani Studies, 21, 123-144
  20. European Union (2014) Free Movement - EU Nationals. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/social/ main.jsp?catId=457 (Accessed: 30 December 2014)
  21. Extra, G. (2010) Mapping linguistic diversity in multicultural contexts: demolinguistic perspectives. In J. Fishman & O. Garcia (eds.), Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity (pp. 107-122). Oxford: Oxford University Press
  22. Felja, D. & Smolinska-Poffley, G. (2014) East European Roma Culture Awareness Guide. The Roma Support Group. (Felja, D. & Smolinska-Poffley, G. (2014). travellerstimes.org.uk/UserFiles/.../ Roma-Culture-Awareness-Guide-for-Police%201.pdf
  23. Feldman, C., Stone, A., & Renderer, B. (1990) Stage, transfer and academic achievements in dialect speaking Hawaiian adolescents. Child Development, 6, 472-84
  24. Garaz, S. (2014) Helping the marginalised or supporting the elite? Affirmative action as a tool for increasing access to higher education for ethnic Roma. European Educational Research Journal, 13, 295 (pp. 274-316)
  25. Giles, H., & Byrne, J. (1982) An intergroup approach to second language acquisition. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 3:1, 17-41
  26. Giles, H., & Billings, A. (2004) Language attitudes. In A. Davies & E. Elder (еds.), The Handbook of Applied Linguistics (pp. 187-209). Oxford: Blackwell
  27. Gumperz, J. (1982) Discourse Strategies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  28. Hancock, I. (2002) We are the Romani people. Hatfield: Centre des Recherches Tsiganes (Gypsy Research Centre) and University of Hertfordshire Press
  29. Hall, S. (1992) The Question of Cultural Identity. In S. Hall, D. Held, A. McGrew (еds.), Modernity and Its Futures. 274-316. Cambridge: Polity Press
  30. Holliday, A., Hyde, M., & Kullman, J. (2004) Intercultural Communication. London: Routledge
  31. Holliday, A. (2007) Doing and Writing Qualitative Research. London: Sage
  32. Huysmans, J. (2006) The Politics of Insecurity: Fear, Migration and Asylum in the EU. London: Routledge
  33. Koven, M. (2001) Comparing bilinguals’ quoted performance of self and others in telling the same experiences in two languages. Language in Society, 30, 513-558
  34. Koven, M. (2007) Selves in Two Languages. Amsterdam: John Benjamins
  35. Leung, H., Hendley, M., Compton, R., & Haley, B. (еds.) (2009) Imagining Globalisation: Languages, Identities and Boundaries. New York: Palgrave Macmillan
  36. Levinson, M. & Hooley, H. (2013) Supporting the learning of nomadic communities across transnational contexts: exploring parallels in the education of UK Roma Gypsies and Indigenous Australians. Research Papers in Education, 29, 373-389
  37. Levinson, M. (2014) ‘What’s the plan?’ ‘What plan?’ Changing aspirations among Gypsy youngsters, and implications for future cultural identities and group membership. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 36, 1149-1169
  38. Marlow, M.L., & Giles, H. (2010) ‘We won’t get ahead speaking like that!’ Expressing and managing language criticism in Hawai’i. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 31, 237-251
  39. Medway Census (2011). Available at http://www.medway.gov.uk/pdf/Census%20Report%20Final.pdf (Accessed at 07/01/15)
  40. McGarry, A. (2010).Who speaks for Roma? Political Representation of a Transnational Minority Community. London: Continuum
  41. McGarry, A. (2014) Roma as a political identity: exploring representations of Roma in Europe. Ethnicities, 14, 756-774
  42. McGarry, A. & Agarin, T. (2014) Unpacking the Roma participation puzzle: presence, voice and influence. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 40, 1972-1990
  43. McGarry, A. & Drake, H. (2013) The politicization of Roma as an ethnic “other”: security discourse in France and the politics of belonging. In U. Korkut, G. Bucken-Knapp, A. McGarry, J. Hinnfors, & H. Drake (eds.), The discourses and politics of migration in Europe. 73-91. New York: Palgrave Macmillan
  44. McGuigan, J. (2010) Cultural Analysis. London: Sage
  45. Miskovic, M. (2009) Roma education in Europe: in support of the discourse of race. Pedagogy, Culture and Society, 17, 201-220
  46. Murray, C. (2012) A minority within a minority? Social justice for traveler and Roma children in ECEC. European Journal of Education, 47, 569-583
  47. Newby, P. (2010) Research Methods in Education. London: Routledge
  48. Nistor, N., Stanciu, D., Vanea, C., Sasu, V.M., & Dragotâ, M. (2014) Situated learning in young Romanian Roma successful learning biographies. European Educational Research Journal, 13, 311-324
  49. Ofsted Annual Report (2014) Available at https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/ofsted-annual-report-201314 (Accessed 30.12.14)
  50. Omoniyi, T. (2010) Borders. In J. Fishman & O. Garcia (eds.) Handbook of Language and Ethnic Identity. Disciplinary and Regional Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 123-134
  51. O’Neill, F. (2013) Making sense of being between languages and cultures: a performance narrative enquiry approach. Language and Intercultural Communication, 13, 386-399
  52. Panicacci, A. & Dewaele, J.-M. (2017) “A voice from elsewhere”: Migration, personality and multiple selves in multiple languages. International Journal of Multilingualism. doi: 10.1080/14790718.2016.1273937
  53. Patton, M. (1990) Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. CA: Sage
  54. Pavlenko, A. (2006) Bilingual selves. In A. Pavlenko (ed.), Bilingual Minds Emotional Experience, Expression, and Representation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 1-33
  55. Pavlenko, A., & Blackledge, A. (2004) Negotiation of Identities in Multilingual Contexts. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters
  56. Piller, I. (2011) Intercultural Communication: A Critical Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
  57. Pnevmatikos, D., Geka, M., & Divane, M. (2010) The emergence, structure and development of ethnic identity during childhood: the case of Roma identity. International Journal of Psychology, 45, 435-442
  58. Rostas, I., & Kostka, J. (2014) Structural dimensions of Roma school desegregation policies in central and eastern Europe. European Educational Research Journal, 13, 268-281
  59. Samers, M. (1998) Immigration, ‘ethnic minorities’ and ‘social exclusion’ in the European Union: a critical perspective. Geoforum. 29, 123-144
  60. Schneeweis, A. (2012) If they really wanted to they would: The press discourse of integration of the European Roma, 1990-2006. International Communication Gazette, 74, 673-689
  61. Sharma, M. (2011) Language and the negotiation of identity and sense of belonging: a study of literary representations of Indians in England. Language and Intercultural Communication, 11, 351-363
  62. Smith, A. (1999) Myths and Memories of the Nation. Oxford: Oxford University Press
  63. Tracy, K. (2002) Everyday Talk: Building and Reflecting Identities. New York and London: Guilford Press
  64. Valkanova, Y. (2009) Being a rara avis: the educational experiences of Bulgarian children in schools in Great Britain. In J. Eade & Y. Valkanova (eds.), Accession and Migration: Changing Policy, and communication. In H. Spencer Oatey (ed.), Culturally Speaking. 48-70. London: Continuum
  65. Vesey-Fitzgerald, B. (1973) Gypsies of Britain: An Introduction to Their History. Newton Abbott: David & Charles
  66. Zhu, H. (2010) Society and Culture in an Enlarged Europe. 101-131. Farnham (UK): Ashgate
  67. Zegarac, V. (2008) Culture Language socialisation and interculturality: address terms in intergenerational talk in Chinese diasporic families. Language and Intercultural Communication, 10, 189-205
  68. Zhu, H. (2014) Exploring Intercultural Communication. London: Routledge

Copyright (c) 2017 Hryniewicz L., Dewaele J.

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies