Vol 19, No 3 (2018)

Mechanical engineering and power-plant

Heat pump coefficient of conversion and power on off-nominal modes

Antipov Y.A., Shatalov I.K., Shatalova I.I., Shkarin K.V.

Abstract

The article considers the variation of heat pump (HP) compression parameters which define its effectiveness: power and coefficient of conversion (μ) on off-nominal modes of operation. Taking into account that the parameters of low-potential sources of heat for HP change, the demand for thermal energy also changes; study of HP operating on off-nominal modes is relevant. To analyze the operating process on partial power modes of HP, a reciprocating compressor is used. The following options are examined by authors as conditions of HP transitioning to the off-nominal mode: change in temperature of water at the condenser inlet; change in flow rate of water passing through the condenser, change in flow rate of the working medium. Based on the analysis of relationships for determining the coefficient of conversion and power consumed by HP, it is shown that these parameters change if HP transitions to off-nominal mode. The increase of temperature entering the condenser leads to decrease in μ, and with temperature decrease μ increases. Decrease in flow rate of water cooling the condenser moves the beginning point of compression of the working medium to higher moisture region and reduces the efficiency of the compressor. Working medium flow rate decrease virtually does not affect the Carnot cycle efficiency and μ decreases because of rising moisture of gas.

RUDN Journal of Engineering Research. 2018;19(3):271-276
pages 271-276 views

Application of computer processing of experimental data from analysis of chip formation zone on photoelastic models

Zhed O.V., Kopylov V.V.

Abstract

In the experiments carried out using photomechanical method, only the isochrome pattern is directly recorded on photoelastic models and the isoclines (lines of equal angles of inclination of the principal stresses) must be traced manually for each of the fixed values of the polarization planes. Further processing is also performed manually, isostatic lines (trajectories of principal stresses) are constructed from the isocline pattern, and the field of the slip lines, or maximum tangential stresses, is constructed from the obtained isostatic field. Such multi-step path (isoclines-isostatic lines-slip lines) containing manual processing at each stage leads to accumulation of errors. The research presented in the article largely removes these problems. In order to actualize a load similar to the one acting on the wedge front surface, a large-scale photoelastic model and a special experimental stand were developed. The scale of the model (10:1) was chosen as great as practicable from the condition of its placement in the optical field of the PPU-7 (plane polarization unit). The scheme of chip formation, the shape of the photoelastic model and its loading is given. The scheme of the stand for loading the chip formation zone of the model under study is described. The task of reducing labor intensity of the experimental part and increasing the accuracy of the obtained results was solved by using a digital camera and a specially developed technology for computer processing of photograms. Pressure diagram describes the nature of loading models in experiments. The results of the experiments were presented in the form of a series of digital photographs subjected to further computer processing, the purpose of which was to obtain isocline mesh, construct isostatic lines field, and then fields of slip lines. Analysis of the application of digital recording and computer processing of photograms significantly reduce time of performing the experimental part by abandoning the traditional method of drawing isoclines on tracing paper. In addition, the accuracy of the fields of the isostatic and slip lines increases because in the initial for their construction isocline field errors that are unavoidable with manual fixation are eliminated.

RUDN Journal of Engineering Research. 2018;19(3):277-288
pages 277-288 views

Use of author-developed software products for training college and university students

Abstract

The article presents the author-developed software products that are used for training college and university students in engineering, economy and information fields. For training mechanical engineering professionals, the authors have developed two sets of programs. The first set is designed for mechanical engineering majors and is dedicated to studying manual programming for developing control programs for CNC machine tools, operating in absolute and relative coordinate systems. On the basis of the first program, a table of contour coordinates of a part made from sheet material is prepared, and on the basis of the second program - a table of contour coordinates of a shaft (rotary body) is prepared. The second set of programs also consists of two programs dedicated to product quality assessment - “Pareto Chart” and “Program for calculating statistical parameters for product quality control”. These programs are designed to construct Pareto and Shewhart charts based on the loaded data, allowing to learn not only basic concepts, but also learn how to compare results and draw conclusions about product quality. The next program “Analysis and design of logic control systems” is intended for Information Technology professionals, but can be applied to any field, as it gives a general picture of how logic elements operate, as well as the tasks of analysis and design. The first three tasks allow to learn logic elements, and the last task is the problem of designing logic control systems and presents a virtual device for generating input data for the design problem. The program “Development of the software product for routing cargo on the basis of the Svir algorithm” is developed for training professionals of economic specialty and allows to build maps of operating areas and task schedules on the basis of the loaded data. The above author-developed products allow the user to obtain knowledge and skills in studying specific disciplines, saving time and resources for the teacher, and increase interest in learning among students.

RUDN Journal of Engineering Research. 2018;19(3):289-298
pages 289-298 views

Architecture and civil engineering

Derivation and analysis of methods for calculation of axially loaded steel compression members based on different building codes

Anikeev I.D., Golikov A.V.

Abstract

The article presents the physical significance of the study of axially loaded steel compression members and the origin of accepted analytical models, which are the basis for the methods of their calculation in current building codes of CIS and European countries. An approximate solution of the problem of eccentrically loaded elastic compression member is given and analytical relationships for determining the buckling coefficient as a result of solving an analytical problem and as a result of applying building codes are obtained. Based on the results from solving the structural analysis problem, a solution for axially loaded compression member buckling coefficient, which is the ratio of such stress value from axial compression to the yield stress of steel at which the outermost fibers of the cross section yield, is given. When obtaining the solution of the buckling coefficient for axial compression, it is justified that the clarity of obtaining a solution is achieved by introducing the number Pi in place of the numerical values. It is indicated that the reason for shifting relative eccentricity from the ideal value of 0.2 is the impossibility of buckling at small slenderness ratios. It is justified that the calculation methods described in Eurocode and the building code of Russia (SNiP), despite the difference in the definition of nominal slenderness ratio, have common physical significance and their difference is only in approaches to the definition of random eccentricity. The building code approaches to calculating relative eccentricity included in buckling coefficient are stated and analyzed and their physical significance is described. The significance of relative eccentricity which is included in European and Russian codes is unfolded and the relationship between relative eccentricity and imperfections in the shape and type of cross-section is indicated. The significance of the imperfection factor in accordance with EN 1993-1-1: 2005 which depends on initial imperfections, the shape of the cross-section and the technology of member manufacture is explained and the application of approximating linear function, which reflects the technological factor of precision of manufacturing and inevitably arising imperfections, is justified. The significance of the coefficients of imperfection α and β, which are included in the Russian building code for steel structures, is unfolded.

RUDN Journal of Engineering Research. 2018;19(3):299-316
pages 299-316 views

Hydrological safety and risk assessment of hydraulic structures

Strygina M.A., Gritsuk I.I.

Abstract

Hydraulic structures (HS) are engineering structures of major hazard, intended for use of water resources and prevention of negative impact of water and pollutants, operating tens or hundreds of years and have proven to be generally stable structures. Hydrological safety is understood as stability of hydraulic structures during its operation against extreme hydrological impacts of natural and maninduced nature. Most of the HS are built based on modern projects in accordance with current regulatory documents, but the probability of accidents in hydroelectric facilities tends to grow, especially after 30-40 years of operation. Most severe emergency situations (ES) occur when hydraulic structures, such as dams of large reservoirs, let over-estimated discharge through, especially if it is associated with inept exploitation. This is evidenced by the materials of the International Commission on Large Dams, according to which about 3000 accidents of different degrees occur in hydropower stations worldwide every year. Most of the accidents associated with breaking waterfront of dam could be avoided by monitoring the technical condition of HS and ensuring necessary training of operating personnel.

RUDN Journal of Engineering Research. 2018;19(3):317-324
pages 317-324 views

Innovative use of mineral resources

Petrographic characteristic of bauxites of the Koulore ore field

Toure L., Chausov A.A., Kotelnikov A.E.

Abstract

As a result of studying geological structure of deposits located in the Koulore ore field, basic cross-section layers have been established: bedrock, transitional horizon and laterite cover. The laterite cover consists of the lower part presented by polymineral and kaolin clays and the top - the bauxite horizon - laterite cover itself, which generally contains hydroxides and oxides of iron and aluminum. The bauxite horizon has a zone structure: in the lower part of the bauxite horizon - zone of light bauxites, and in the top part of the bauxite horizon - zone of the red bauxites. As a result of microscopic study of various samples of residuum, several kinds of rocks which are characterized by similar structural and textural parameters have been identified. The rocks have been grouped by classes: gelified patterned bauxites on silt-rich mudstone, gelified bauxites on dolerites, gel-morphous bauxites with crystalloids on silt-rich mudstone, laterite bauxites (low-quality bauxites) on silt-rich mudstone, laterite bauxites (low-quality bauxites) on dolerites, ferruginous laterites - cuirass on silt-rich mudstone, ferruginous laterites of the top part of the transitional horizon on silt-rich mudstone. Lithological and genetic types of bauxites control the type and composition of aluminiferous minerals. Mineral composition of classical lateritic bauxites mainly contains gibbsite, goethite-alumogoethite, and hematite with less 1% of boehmite. Gel-morphous and gelified bauxites consist of gibbsite, boehmite, goethite-alumogoethite, hematite. Content of boehmite reaches 3% that is more than in classic lateritic bauxites. The composition of the alumogoethite depends not only on lithology of bauxites, but also on position in the residuum section.

RUDN Journal of Engineering Research. 2018;19(3):325-342
pages 325-342 views

Application of filtration tests for studying technologies for development of non-traditional reservoirs and tight oil reserves

Beloshapka I.E., Ganiev D.I.

Abstract

Currently, main light hydrocarbon reserves are being depleted across the world, which is why more and more petroleum companies pay attention to the possibility of developing unconventional reservoirs and hard-to-recover reserves. It is obvious that at this development stage of technologies for oil field exploitation, cost-effective development of unconventional reservoirs is impossible, and therefore there is a need for new oil production methods. Herewith, accurate setting and conducting of laboratory experiments plays an important role, since the decisions taken based on the experimental results affect the technological and economic factors. Such studies include filtration tests for determining the oil displacement ratio from core in laboratory. When carrying out filtration tests, the important point is accurate formulation of the experiment, which is impossible without a well-developed methodology and specification. To date, the tests to determine the oil displacement ratio are regulated by IST-39-195-86, which was approved in 1986. In a detailed investigation of the document, it was established that most of the points in the document need to be changed and refined in connection with the improvement of equipment and methods for preparing the core material in order to reduce errors at various stages of the experiment and to estimate the displacement ratio more accurately in determining the effectiveness of the technologies being developed.

RUDN Journal of Engineering Research. 2018;19(3):343-357
pages 343-357 views

Stratigraphy of “Efi-Field” oil deposit of Niger delta on-shore region

Abramov V.Y., Offiong M.B.

Abstract

The Niger Delta is one of the richest hydrocarbon provinces in the world. The geological structure of Niger Delta is composed of Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks. Modern Niger Delta has distinctive basin-like geological structure that is defined by inner extensional zone of listric growth faults beneath the outer shelf, translational zone of diapirs and shale ridges beneath the upper slope, and a lower compressional zone of toe thrust structures. The delta comprises of three broad formations, namely: the Benin Formation (Oligocene to recent), Agbada Formation (Eocene to recent) and the Akata Formation (Paleocene to recent). The “Efi-Field” deposit is composed of rocks of the Cenozoic age. The geological section of the field starts from Paleogene (P1-P3), Neogene (N2) and Quaternary periods. The Cenozoic deposits are represented by rocks of the Paleogene, Paleogene-Quaternary and Quaternary periods. The prevalence along the territory is very uneven. Close to the axial part of the Niger Delta, Quaternary sediments predominate, sometimes with sedimentation of some stratigraphic subdivisions of the Cenozoic period. Sedimentation was formed under conditions of Cenozoic local regression of the ocean, as a result of which the base of the section is represented by marine geological-genetic types of sediments, and the middle and upper parts by transitional coastal-marine types of sedimentation.

RUDN Journal of Engineering Research. 2018;19(3):358-364
pages 358-364 views

Directions for improvement of mechanochemical processes of utilizing ore tailings

Golik V.I., Kelekhsaev V.B., Majstrov Y.A., Olisaev A.S.

Abstract

Аbstract. The article is devoted to the problem of waste-free extraction of metals from the tailings of primary ore processing. It represents a generalized approach of development of a mechanochemical technology of metal extraction by leaching in disintegrator and includes a summary of existing views on the problem, an analysis of prospects of the technology and the real steps taken in this direction. In the article, the theory and practice of mechanochemical extraction of metals from ores is examined and the assessment of the existing state of subject matter is given. The essence of the problem is that for the expansion of applications of the recommended technology, it must be improved. The article includes an introduction, a purpose statement and the results of improvement on the level of patents in Russian Federation. The article highlights the problems of increasing the speed and fullness of the extraction of metals remaining after primary processing by traditional beneficiation methods, provides arguments and scientific description of the new methods of intensification of metal leaching in a disintegrator. Particular attention is paid to the effectiveness of combination of the methods of interaction with a mineral in order to increase the degree of extraction which allows to reduce operating costs. The essence of the above is the following: the scope of application of the breakthrough technology of waste-free metal extraction from deadstock poor raw materials can be improved by the use of new and prospective technologies based on the increase of process energetics. The main significance of the study lies in the experimental confirmation of the phenomenon of wastefree metal extraction into bulk concentrate by repeated activation in a disintegrator. The study’s advantage is the argument for the need of development of the new technology in order to gain economic, environmental and strategic benefits. The study is pioneering. It opens up a cluster of new problems, for example, selective extraction of metals from a collective solution, optimizing the resistance of the working body of disintegrator, utilizing master solutions, etc.

RUDN Journal of Engineering Research. 2018;19(3):365-377
pages 365-377 views

Morphoneotectonics and prospects of oil and gas presence in deserts of Iraq

Al-Gurairy A.Y., Naravas A.K., Usova V.M.

Abstract

The article deals with the prospects of Iraq’s oil and gas potential. It should be noted that there has not been much attention payed to the desert regions of Iraq located on the Arabian plate. However, recent studies show prospectivity of the Iraq deserts. As a result of the recent investigation of river valleys in the region, the following main morphotectonic processes were identified: rejuvenation of the river network and emergence of new river basins; division of individual rivers into two or more parts; interception of the river network. As a result of long-term field and cameral geological and geomorphological studies in the area of the Western and Southern deserts, it was possible to reconstruct the existing tectonic activity of the area from the Miocene period to the present day. It is established that the regional Euphrates fault on the territory of Iraq occupies an exceptionally important place, which was previously underestimated. Adjacent echelon faults of the following order formed a system of pre-existent tectonic blocks with different kinematics and morphology. The causes and mechanism of neotectonic Neogene-Quaternary movements of the earth’s surface are established. Thus, separate tectonic blocks are identified, which generally form zonal regions of uplifts or valleys. The areas of elevated blocks (for example, the raising of Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf of the third order) are created by plicative dome structures in the cover near the Euphrates fault, favorable for the accumulation of HC.

RUDN Journal of Engineering Research. 2018;19(3):378-390
pages 378-390 views

Solution for geological and technological problems in carbonate sections with developed secondary capacity on the example of Volga-Ural Petroleum and Gas Province deposit

Isaycheva E.G., Fattakhov L.R., Abdulkerimov R.F.

Abstract

As of today many of the old fields are already depleted. Replenishment of the category of oil and gas reserves from the category of prospective resources proceeds mainly due to revising the state of overor underlying layers in the already developed horizon, rather than by exploiting entirely new deposits. Current methods of allocation of complex reservoirs both according to the data of geological and technological studies and the results of commercial and geophysical studies are relevant. In this paper, solutions of geological and technological problems are considered on the example of the carbonate section of the Volga-Ural Petroleum and Gas Province in absorbing wells. Today, by the methods of borehole geophysics, reservoirs capacity in isotropic environment is effectively calculated. In the presence of fracture and cavity porosity, the standard methods of electrometry prove to be ineffective, even for a qualitative interpretation. Therefore, in the complex reservoir with a secondary porosity space structure, construction of interpretation model is used by the following methods of well logging - neutron method (NM), acoustic method (AK) and gamma-gamma density method (GGM-P). To eliminate absorptions, both standard methods and the latest developments were used. The effectiveness of the use of profile packers in absorbing wells is shown.

RUDN Journal of Engineering Research. 2018;19(3):391-401
pages 391-401 views

MORPHONOOTECTONICS AND PROSPECTS OF OIL AND GAS FUTURE IS THE DESERT OF IRAQ

Usova V.

Abstract

The article deals with the prospects of Iraq's oil and gas potential. It should be noted that the desert areas of Iraq, located on the Arab plate, did not pay much attention. However, recent studies show the promise of the desert Iraq. As a result of the study of modern river valleys in the region, the following main morph tectonic processes were identified: rejuvenation of the river network and the emergence of new river basins; the division of individual rivers into two or more parts; interception of the river network. As a result of long-term field and cameral geological and geomorphological studies in the area of ​​the Western and Southern deserts, it was possible to restore the existing tectonic activity of the area from the Miocene to the present day. It is established that the regional Euphrates fault on the territory of Iraq occupies an exceptionally important place, which was previously underestimated. The faults of the following order that set him on formed a system of long-lived tectonic blocks with different kinematics and morphology. The causes and mechanism of geotectonic Neogene-Quaternary movements of the earth's surface are established. Thus, separate tectonic blocks are formed, which in general form zonal regions of uplifts or valleys. The areas of elevated blocks (for example, the raising of Nadjaf of the third order) are created by the dome-shaped dome structures in the cover near the Euphrates fault, favorable for the accumulation of HC.

RUDN Journal of Engineering Research. 2018;19(3):
views

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies