The paper identifies transition, transformation, processes that are barely studied and constitute perspective phenomenon in a transition economy. In addition, a statistical method is applied. Classification of binary image as well as specific features of transition processes and transformation crisis are illustrated; transformation crisis and cyclical economy. This paper uses transformation and transition terms as synonyms. Transition processes and transformation economy are inseparable from each other and cannot exist separately. The general conclusion is that lack of transformation makes transition to cyclical economy impossible, while the latter represent an inextricable condition and attribute of any market economy. Focus herein is placed on the importance and the need for planned transformations.

The analysis of international trade flows reveals the modern tendencies at the Russian and international markets of pharmaceutical industry products. The authors identify the increase in international trade at the international pharmaceutical market, which is explained by the reform in international trade flows regulation. The study of the pharmaceutical goods trade regulation measures, which were applied in Russia during the period 1991—2013, helped to uncover the advantages and disadvantages, associated with Russia’s accession to WTO. As an advantage the authors emphasize the ability of the Russian producers to enter to new markets in the result of pharmaceutical goods quality improvement.

The article reveals the essence and defines the structure of the secondary mortgage market in the United States. The author examines the mechanisms of financing and peculiarities of functioning of development institutions in the US secondary mortgage market. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of functioning and types of mortgage-backed securities issued in the United States. Author identifies and systematizes the benefits of the functioning of the secondary mortgage market. The factors that contributed to such a large-scale growth of the primary and secondary mortgage markets in the United States are determined in the article. Also author analyzes qualitative and quantitative performance indicators of the U.S. secondary mortgage market and defines the role of the state in the development of the secondary mortgage market in the United States nowadays. The ultimate aim of the article is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of mortgage-backed securities, as well as to identify factors facilitating the return of private investors in the secondary mortgage market in the United States.

Experts forecast, that by 2015, new IT, bio- and nano- technologies will prevail in all the economies of developed countries and on their basis will occur technological re-equipment in various branches of economy. Russia should not again outdone by these countries. Recently there are all conditions in the country and allocated large sums for the development of nano-industry. But what extent is possible to solve the problems of this industry? The article shows the condition and prospects of development of nano-industry in Russia up to 2015. Presents the activities of various nano-centers in Russia. Established the reasons hindering the nano-industry development. Conducted a study ROSNANO in the development of country nano-industry. Estimation of activities of Russia in the global market for nanotechnology products and services. According to the obtained data, the activity ROSNANO in the market development of nanotechnologies in Russia, on which were laid great hopes and invested a lot of funds, is ineffective, which could lead to serious consequences.

In this article, the conceptual consideration of the concept of branding, which according to the authors include the understanding of the brand as an economic tool, mental substance, cultural object, a set of values, a means of communication, the cult, the territorial identity, is detected. The constructs are identified that considering a different scale of the brand field: concept, category, phenomenon institute. The field of brand study is defined from the perspective of interdisciplinary approach with such sciences as economics, psychology, sociology, philosophy and political. The concept of the system branding, structured into four clusters: economic substance, psychological aspect, socio-cultural sphere and unique identity, is suggested.