Vol 26, No 4 (2018)

Industrial Ecology

Development of a mobile device for air purification in the welding industry

Shirniyekh A.A.

Abstract

In the modern world there is a large number of industries, which are in capable of functioning without welding. Is found absolutely everywhere: from the repair of engineering communications to the manufacture of spacecraft. Ventilation is a necessary part of occupational safety, especially when it comes to working in such production. Often, some work must be carried out outside the welding post due to the peculiarities of assigned task, and to bring the exhaust system to the workplace is impossible. In such cases portable filters that take up little space and can be moved to any convenient place in the workshop can be used.

RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2018;26(4):397-401
pages 397-401 views

The influence of noise on the operability of operators of meat processing shops

Skvortsov A.N.

Abstract

The article provides a general description of injuries and occupational morbidity at meat processing enterprises of the agroindustrial complex, and a detailed analysis of the problem using the example of a meat processing plant. The study found that increased noise is one of the provocateurs of many occupational diseases in the industry. Another negative consequence of the increased noise level is the decrease in the productivity of workers. Thus, the significance of the problem of protecting workers from increased noise levels lies primarily in ensuring both social and economic benefits, as well as reducing staff turnover, manifesting a period of active work by workers and increasing satisfaction from the work process.

RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2018;26(4):402-408
pages 402-408 views

Geoecology

The excess of sanitary norms on noise from motor transport in the cities of Irkutsk and Angarsk (Irkutsk agglomeration)

Novikova S.A.

Abstract

Acoustic pollution is a type of negative impact on the environment. According to the World Health Organization, the increased noise level is the second largest after pollution of the atmospheric air by the environmental cause of health problems in the population of industrial and transport cities. The increase in the number of road transport in the cities of the Irkutsk region leads to an increase in noise levels, its penetration into residential, public and office buildings. The increase in noise is also associated with the construction of new highways, bridges and roundabouts in cities. The article assesses noise pollution in large cities of the Irkutsk region. Observations on the composition and intensity of traffic at major intersections, highways and residential areas were carried out. With help of the sound level meter, noise level measurements were made in the daytime and at night and noise maps of the levels of the urban road network were constructed. The legislative basis for noise regulation in the Russian Federation and the countries of the European Union has been studied. A set of measures is suggested that contributes to reducing the acoustic impact on residents of the cities of the Irkutsk region.

RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2018;26(4):409-418
pages 409-418 views

Assessment of the vehicles impact on the RUDN University campus

Boeva D.V., Khaustov A.P.

Abstract

The article reflects the research carried out within the framework of the “Green campus” project. The project was organized by the Ecological Faculty of RUDN University, the purpose of which was the monitoring of the RUDN University campus and obtaining detailed information about the technogenic load on the territory. This paper presents the results of year-round studies of the territory, which allowed to establish the variability of anthropogenic load from vehicles depending on the seasons. The article presents the explanation of the vehicles impact assessment methods: instrumental and calculated methods, as well as their comparison with each other. The results are given in charts and maps. Identification of priority substances was done that contribute mostly to the atmosphere pollution.

RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2018;26(4):419-430
pages 419-430 views

Life Safety

Peculiarities of migration of mercury in water and bottom sediments of the estuary area of the Red River (Vietnam)

Nguyen N.T., Volkova I.V., Egorova V.I.

Abstract

The paper assessed the content of mercury in water and bottom sediments in the mouth area of the Red River of Vietnam. Given the spatial distribution of mercury in the dissolved, suspended forms and in sediments. The studies were conducted at 30 stations 2 times a year (during the flood and low-water periods) in 2014-2016. Samples of bottom sediments were collected in the surface layer. The spatial distribution of mercury was carried out using the kriging method in ArcGIS 10.2.2. During the study period it was found that the concentration of mercury in the water of the Red River varies from 0,05 to 0,08 μg/l during low-water periods and 0,07 to 0,11 μg/l during the flood period. Towards the sea, the concentration of dissolved mercury decreased. Mercury concentrations in suspended form and bottom sediments increase towards the sea and reach a maximum in the marginal filter. In river waters, the main forms of mercury existence are dissolved and suspended, and in the marginal filter - in bottom sediments. The bottom sediments of the estuary area of the Red River are distinguished by a higher content of Hg compared to uncontaminated soils in reservoirs of temperate and northern latitudes, as well as with bottom sediments of water bodies in another region of Vietnam.

RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2018;26(4):431-440
pages 431-440 views

Ecology

The effect of low frequency electromagnetic fields on fluctuating asymmetry of woody plants

Polonsky V.I., Sumina A.V.

Abstract

The paper analyzes the impact of environmental factors of physical and chemical nature on the stability of the development of three species of woody plants: common lilac, Siberian apple tree, birch tree. Determining the value of the fluctuating asymmetry index (FA) over the width of two halves of leaves was performed on plants growing in the suburban green area (control), in the suburban green area under high-voltage power lines of 220 kV (physical factor, experiment 1), as well as in the city of Krasnoyarsk in terms of air pollution by exhaust gases of cars (chemical factor, experiment 2). The values of the FA index of common lilac and Siberian apple tree, defined for the control variants, were 0.024 and 0.028, and calculated for experiments 1 and 2 were respectively equal to 0.032 and 0.039; 0.029 and 0.030. It is established that the response of common lilac and Siberian apple trees to the physical environmental factor - electromagnetic radiation of industrial frequency - which is expressed in the appearance of leaf asymmetry is stronger in comparison with the reaction to the chemical factor - exhaust gases of cars. It is shown that the value of the FA index of Siberian apple tree and common lilac can be a sensitive indicator when monitoring the anthropogenic load on the environment in the form of an alternating electromagnetic field of industrial frequency. The FA index of the birch tree, measured on the basis of the width of the right and left halves of the leaf, is less sensitive than in the case of the common lilac and the Siberian apple tree.

RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2018;26(4):441-448
pages 441-448 views

Short announcements

Urbanization and disaster in Accra, Ghana. Does human life matters?

Owusu-Ansah E.

Abstract

This article discusses urbanization and disaster in the capital city of Ghana - Accra. Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban residency, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change. It is predominantly the process by which towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people begin living and working in central areas. Urbanization has its own good and evil. In spite of the positive effect of urbanization, in Ghana one can conclude that urbanization has done more harm than good. This article reveals some catastrophic effects of urbanization and suggested solutions.

RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2018;26(4):449-453
pages 449-453 views

Environmental education

Blended learning approach to teaching ESP case study of TED talks

Rudneva M.A., Valeeva N.G.

Abstract

This work analyzes implementation of TED talks as a part of ESP blended learning training for fostering students’ listening comprehension skills. We present a case study of 12 lower proficiency nonlinguistic students who were assigned listening to a designated TED talks each week and performing listening comprehension tasks that were later checked in the classroom. TED lectures were offered as a part of academic and specific English course for undergraduate students of the ecological faculty and were aimed at enhancing learner autonomy, enriching academic vocabulary, developing listening comprehension skills and promoting scholarly journal writing in a long-term perspective. The results were formally assessed by pre-test and post-test as well as by individual anonymous surveying of the students upon completion of the course. We looked into the results of the survey and overviewed pros and cons of implementation of TED talks into ESP curriculum.

RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2018;26(4):454-460
pages 454-460 views

Case study of fossilized L2 errors correction in ecology students

Rudneva M.A., Valeeva N.G.

Abstract

The paper is dedicated to a self-assessment approach as a means of addressing fossilized errors in L2 speaking within the professional communication framework. The phenomenon of fossilization manifests in L2 spoken and written texts on phonological, lexical and grammatical level. Addressing the issue of fossilization has to deal with creating a perfect fluency/accuracy balance, increase of fluency in L2 classroom settings inevitably results in fossilized errors in learners as it compromises their accuracy on a permanent basis. In this respect it is interesting to look into common practices of addressing fossilized errors in advanced L2 classroom. This work is a case study of an attempt to address individual fossilized errors in L2 C1-level students at university level. The paper argues that self-assessment as a means of developing metacognitive awareness and consciousness of advanced L2 learners is a valid tool for eliminating fossilized errors in the long run. We present the results of case study that took place at RUDN University in 2018 within 3 months. During this period a group of advanced L2 learners were asked to record their spontaneous pair interactions, transcribe the conversations and correct their own mistakes. The corrected transcripts were submitted to the L2 instructor for further evaluation and assessment. Small corpora of error-tagged conversations were created for each individual student. Then the instructor created a report on individual mistakes and errors on monthly basis. Persistent, fossilized errors were registered for each individual case and measured at the beginning for the pedagogical experiment and at its end. The paper presents our findings, positive dynamics and overall pedagogical value of establishing correlation between students’ previous knowledge and self-assessment.

RUDN Journal of Ecology and Life Safety. 2018;26(4):461-467
pages 461-467 views

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